Photosynthesis Flashcards
Photosynthesis
Plant makes its own food (sugar)
Plants use ____ to make sugar
Light energy (sunlight)
Inputs of photosynthesis
CO2
H2O
Photon Energy
Outputs of photosynthesis
O2
Storable chemical energy (sugars, C-H bonds)
Light dependent reactions
Uses captured light energy to split H2O, which is used to synthesize ATP and NADPH
Light Independent reactions
Calvin cycle, carbon fixation using energy from light dependent reactions
Chloroplast
Photosynthetic organelle found within the leaf mesophyll
Any ____ part of a plant can photosynthesize
Green
How are chloroplasts organized?
-Double membrane (completely smooth)
-Thylakoid (disc shaped membranes)
-
What are imbedded inside thylakoids?
Photosynthetic pigments and e-transport chain(s)
Granum
Thylakoid stack
Thylakoid space
Fluid filled space between thylakoids
Stroma
Liquid-like interior
Enzymes used to convert CO2 into sugar
Chlorophyll a
Green in color
Accessory pigments
Chlorophyll b and carotenoids
Longer wavelengths mean
Lower energy
Shorter wavelengths mean
Higher energy
Different pigments absorb….
Different wavelengths of light
Most plants do not absorb green wavelengths because…
Most plants are REFLECTING green light (they are green)
What does a chlorophyll molecule look like?
Porphyrin ring with a hydrocarbon tail
What happens when light is absorbed?
Electrons within photosynthetic pigments enter an excited state
Resonance
AYO LISTEN UP
-Energy in an electron is transferred to a nearby pigment
Reduction/Oxidation
An electron is transferred to a new compound
Fluorescence
An electron drops back down to lower energy levels; heat and fluorescence are emitted
What does PEA stand for?
Primary electron acceptor
What substance flows across a membrane that generates energy for ATP synthesis?
Hydrogen
A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are NOT being absorbed by this pigment?
Red & Yellow
Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, _________.
utilize an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
Oxidation of water and reduction of NADP+ occurs during
Photosynthesis
Electrons flow along an electron transport chain during
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation and the generation of proton gradients occur during
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Oxygen is reduced during
Cellular respiration
What are the final products (or “outputs”) of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
O2
NADPH
ATP
What are the molecules that go into (are the “inputs” for) the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Light
NADP+
ADP+P
Water
What are the molecules that go into (are the “inputs” for) the Calvin cycle?
NADPH
ATP
CO2
What are the final products (or “outputs”) of the Calvin cycle?
NADP+
Sugar
ADP+P
Water
Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to
RuBP using RuBisCo
After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by
NADPH
How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose?
six
In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules?
three
What are the three main steps of the calvin cycle?
carbon fixation
reverse glycolysis
reformation of rubp
what is the calvin cycle also known as?
light-independent reactions
reverse glycolysis forms
energy rich CH bonds
how many G3P are needed to make one glucose molecule?
2
In an experiment, the thylakoids are removed from the chloroplasts of a plant cell and kept in a culture medium. The culture is exposed to sunlight, CO2, and water, but no sugars are formed. What is the most likely explanation for this result?
The area within a plant cell where sugar is created is no longer present
