Cellular Respiration Flashcards
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate; nucleic acid used for immediate energy storage
All cell types require ___ to survive
ATP
Biomass is the ___ of an organism.
Dry weight
How do cells use food?
Biosynthesis & cellular respiration
Aerobic vs Anaerobic processing
Cellular respiration vs fermentation
Cells process food anaerobically when….
they have low or no oxygen
NAD undergoes ___ to gain or lose electrons 
Redox reactions
Reduction vs oxidation
Gaining electrons from a donor or giving away electrons
NAD is an ____
Electron carrier
Preparatory Phase
The energy investment phase (loss of 2 ATP) in glycolysis
Energy payoff phase
The phase of glycolysis in which 4 ATP is gained (giving energy to make more energy)
ATP production in glycolysis is known as….
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Glycolysis results in a net ATP gain of….
2
Glycolysis produces ____ as well as ATP
2 pyruvate and 2 NADH
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is
kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____
NADH and FADH2 … intermembrane space
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____
oxygen
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____
oxidative phosphorylation
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle
6
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle
2
Where does Glycolosis take place in eukaryotic cells?
cytoplasm
What are the final products (or “outputs”) of glycolysis?
ATP
Pyruvate
NADH
What are the molecules that go into (are the “inputs” for) glycolysis?
Glucose
ADP+P
NAD
Where does Pyruvate Prcoessing take place in eukaryotic cells?
Matrix of the mitochondria
What are the final products (or “outputs”) of pyruvate processing?
CO2
Acetyl CoA
NADH
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?
Matrix of the mitochondria
What are the molecules that go into (are the “inputs” for) the Citric Acid Cycle?
Acetyl CoA
NAD
FAD
(there’s one more)
What are the final products (or “outputs”) of the Citric Acid Cycle?
FADH2
ATP
CO2
NADH
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
Mitochondrial inner membrane
What are the molecules that go into (are the “inputs” for) the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis?
Oxygen
Electrons from NADH
ADP+P
Electrons from FADH2
Which process(es) require(s) oxygen?
Oxidative Phosphorylation(?)
Which of the following products of cellular respiration would accumulate if there were no final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC)?
NADH
What stage of cellular respiration is also part of fermentation?
Glycolysis
Pyruvate is oxidized during
Cellular respiration only
Pyruvate is reduced during
Fermentation only
Glucose is oxidized
In both respiration and fermentation
ATP is produced
In both respiration and fermentation
NADH is produced
In both respiration and fermentation
NAD+ is produced
In both respiration and fermentation
Cellular respiration produces more ____ per mole of glucose than fermentation.
NADH
When is fermentation used?
For short periods of time when oxygen levels are low
Which cells partake in lactic acid fermentation?
Eukaryotic & some bacterial cells
Glycolysis will occur so long as…
There is sugar available
What cells partake in alcoholic fermentation?
Bacteria(?) & yeast
What is the default for human muscle cells?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ____ and gain ______.
Lactate, NAD
Which one of the following stages of cellular respiration normally occurs whether oxygen is present or not?
Glycolysis
Which of the following molecules can be used by animal cells to obtain energy through cellular respiration?
Lipids
Glucose
Amino Acids
Which one of the following stages of cellular respiration normally occurs whether oxygen is present or not?
Glycolysis
Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ____ and gain _____
Lactate; NAD+
What are the molecules that go into (are the “inputs” for) pyruvate processing?
Pyruvate
NAD
Acetyl CoA
Outputs of electron transport chain and chemiosmosis?
ATP
Water
NAD
FAD
A cell, after undergoing glycolysis, takes the products from these reactions and immediately begins alcoholic fermentation. Which of the following cell types could achieve the above scenario?
Prokaryotic or Yeast Cells
