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Bio 115 > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which organisms are prokaryotic vs eukaryotic?

A

Bacteria vs plants, animals, fungi

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2
Q

Most prokaryotic cells are ____

A

Single-celled

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3
Q

Between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which is more complex?

A

Eukaryotic cells

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4
Q

What is the DNA configuration of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic—Circular
Eukaryotic—Linear

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5
Q

Cytosol

A

Jelly-like substance that resides within a cell’s plasma membrane

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6
Q

What does cytosol do?

A

Assists in chemical reactions such as cellular metabolism

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7
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No, they have a nucleoid region instead

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Organelle that encapsulates the DNA of eukaryotic cells

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9
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double-phospholipid bilayer that makes up the surface of the nucleus

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

Darkly stained region within the nucleus; site of RNA production

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11
Q

Ribosomes are composed of….

A

Proteins and rRNA

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12
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Take information from mRNA and assemble amino acids into protein (translation)

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13
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Organelle attached to the nucleus that is composed of stacks of flattened, circular membranes

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14
Q

What does the rough ER do?

A

Synthesis and packaging of proteins for export to the outside of the cell

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15
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Organelle found directly outside of the rough ER that is composed of the same membranes, not studded with ribosomes

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16
Q

What does the smooth ER do?

A

Contains enzymes for carbohydrate and lipid synthesis or degradation

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17
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Found directly outside ER, composed of same membranes

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18
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Receives vesicles, sorts the contents, and repackages them into a new vesicle

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19
Q

Two sides of the Golgi apparatus

A

Cis-Receives vesicles
Trans-Ships new vesicles

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20
Q

Lysosome

A

Product of the golgi apparatus

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21
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Contains up to 40 different enzymes to digest cellular material

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22
Q

Central Vacuole purpose?

A

-Stores salts, nutrients, etc
-Helps plant growth/structure
-Provides cell with internal support

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23
Q

Lysosomes in plants

A

Plant membrane used to store water and enzymes for digestion

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24
Q

Peroxisome

A

Membrane-bound built like a lysosome, but is not a product of the golgi

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25
Q

Peroxisome purpose?

A

Used for detoxification and energy synthesis in both plants and animals

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26
Q

Mitochondria

A

Smooth outer membrane, highly folded inner membrane

27
Q

Mitochondria function?

A

Produce cellular energy

28
Q

Cristae

A

Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

29
Q

Mitochondrial matrix

A

Space between the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

30
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

31
Q

Thylakoid

A

Each individual chloroplast membrane

32
Q

Lumen

A

Empty space within a thylakoid

33
Q

Granum

A

A stack of thylakoids

34
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid-filled space between the inner membrane and granum

35
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Structural framework of proteins and other fibers

36
Q

Microfilaments

A

Comprised of a twisted chain of actin protein subunits (only two proteins thick)

37
Q

Microfilament functions?

A

-Cell division
-Muscle contraction
-Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells

38
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Comprised of keratin proteins arranged in a rope-like configuration

39
Q

Intermediate filament function?

A

Adds structural integrity to the cell nucleus, and anchors some cellular organelles into place

40
Q

Microtubules

A

Comprised tubulin protein dimers that align themselves in a spiral-like nature

41
Q

Microtubules function?

A

Cell division

42
Q

Centrioles

A

Non-membranous structures composed of groups of microtubules

43
Q

Two centrioles will do what to create the centrosome?

A

Align themselves at 90° angles

44
Q

Centriole function?

A

Aid in the assembly and breakdown of cytoskeleton elements

45
Q

Endomembrane system

A

-Cell membrane
-Endoplasmic Reticulums
-Golgi Apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Peroxisomes
-Vesicles

46
Q

How do ribosomes dock with the Rough ER?

A

-Some remain free floating, others can dock using the ER signal sequence

47
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A cell dealing with incoming materials

48
Q

Kinesin

A

A motor protein that “walks” along a microtubule track to deliver transport vesicles

49
Q

Do prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles?

A

Yes

50
Q

Which organelle contains enzymes for the synthesis of lipids?

A

Smooth ER

51
Q

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing….

A

Proteins

52
Q

The membranes that make up the organelles of the endomembrane system are all ___ in morphology.

A

Similar

53
Q

Which two organelles possess their own (circular) DNA?

A

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

54
Q

Endosymbiotic

A

Two organelles depend on each other for something

55
Q

Extra Cellular Matrix

A

Material that hangs off the outside of the plasma membrane; outside of the cell

56
Q

What is the extra cellular matrix useful for?

A

Cell-cell communication, allows the body to recognize what type of cell the immune system is dealing with

57
Q

Do prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles?

A

Yes

58
Q

A plant cell has been able to make in a sugar molecule as a food source, but it is still dying of starvation. Which organelle’s malfunction would be responsible for this result?

A

Central Vacuole

59
Q

Three days after taking an aspirin for a headache, remnants of the medication are still found within the cells of a patient at the emergency room. This medication is usually metabolized within 6 hours. Which organelle’s malfunction would be responsible for this result?

A

Peroxisomes

60
Q

One relationship that exists between ribosomes and lysosomes is

A

Ribosomes produce enzymes that are used by the lysosomes`

61
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Areas between two animal cells where integral proteins line up and allow chemical signals to flow from one cell to another

62
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

A break in the cell wall between two plant cells where chemical messages can flow from one cell to another

63
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Areas between two animal cells where proteins align and allow for anchorage of one cell to another

Bio 115 (9 decks)

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