Philip Flashcards
1
Q
1527
A
Philip is born in Valladolid
2
Q
1540
A
Philip is made Duke of Milan
3
Q
1543
A
- Philip is made regent of Spain in Charles’ absence
- Philip receives Charles’ instructions on how to be king - states ‘Trust always in your maker’
- Philip marries Maria Manuela of Portugal whilst he is heir to the Spanish crown (Prince of Asturias) - his ‘double first cousin’-they shared all 4 grandparents
4
Q
1545
A
- Birth of Don Carlos, prince of Asturias
- Maria Manuel of Portugal dies due to childbirth complications
5
Q
1548
A
Philip is summoned to the Netherlands by Charles to be declared as his heir
6
Q
1550s
A
Philip bans the exports of woven silks (economically weakens Moriscos)
7
Q
1551
A
- Corsairs under Turgut Reis sacked Vieste, beheaded 5,000 of its inhabitants, and abducted another 6,000.
- Philip returns to Spain and resumes regency
8
Q
1554
A
- Philip becomes King of Naples
- Philip becomes King of Sicily
- Philip travels to marry Mary I of England
- Philip calls his sister Juana to act as regent of Spain
9
Q
1555
A
- Philip marries Mary I of England
- Philip becomes governor of the Netherlands
- Philip begins his 4 year stay in the Netherlands
- Philip makes the Duke of Alba governor of Milan for 1 year
10
Q
1556
A
- A formal act was passed transferring the crown of Spain to Philip
- The viceroy of Aragon was accused in Saragossa of a contra-fuero (violation of a privilege)
- The Moriscos of Aragon agreed to pay an annual tax to the tribunal of Saragossa, on the condition that those brought to trial would suffer no confiscation of property
- Philip makes the Duke of Alba viceroy of Naples for 2 years
- Ruy Gómez was made Councilor of State and Contador Mayor
- Philip and Henry II of France sign the treaty of Vaucelles
11
Q
1557
A
- The Duke of Alba entered Rome and made peace with pope Paul IV
- Battle of Quentin
- Fernando de Valdes begins his mass burnings in honour of Philip
12
Q
1558
A
- Mary I of England dies, effectively making Philip no longer king of England
- Formal election of Ferdinand as Holy Roman Emperor
- Luis Ortiz presented a memorandum to Philip to ban the exports of bullion
- The Inquisition collected information and made a wave of arrests including the whole Cazalla family (April) and Constantino (August)
- The cortes petitioned that those already in city government be forbidden to trade.
- A new edict was issued by the regent Juana in collaboration with Valdés. For the first time, it stipulated the penalties of death and confiscation of goods for introducing books into the country without permission and for printing or circulating material, even in manuscript, without licence.
- Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England
- The rivalry between the Basque port and Burgos continued until a royal decree fixed their respective roles
- Many of the protestants that were expelled from England during Mary’s reign came back to England - creating a certain amount of sympathy for the situation in the Netherlands.
13
Q
1559-62
A
A series of auto de fe’s begins in Spain by Fernando Valdes – ‘spectacular burnings’
14
Q
1559
A
- Henry II dies at a jousting accident
- A new Council of Italy is set up to govern Naples, Sicily and Milan
- Phillip returned to Spain from the Netherlands after 7 years of absence, Fernando Valdes held a mass burning for his return
- Don Carlos is betrothed to Elizabeth Valois, but Philip marries her the same year for political reasons - begins Don Carlos’ hatred for his father
- Philip marries Elizabeth of Valois
- All Spaniards studying abroad were recalled back to Spain to minimise exposure to Lutheranism in Spain
- Philip returns to Spain and begins to increase taxation
- Bartolomé de Carranza’s arrest is engineered by theologian Melchor Cano and Inquisitor General Valdés
- Mary of Scots marries Francis II
- All non-Castilian members of the Council of State were removed
- The first native Index of the Spanish Inquisition is introduced
15
Q
1559-64
A
Granvelle is first minister in the Low Countries
16
Q
1560
A
- Philip has permanent troops in the Netherlands (only hundreds or thousands to begin)
- An expedition to recapture Tripoli was captured by Turkish forces (28 galleys were sunk and 10,000 troops were forced to surrender)
- In Peru a tenth of all Spaniards were artisans trained in Spain.
- A massive construction programme was started to rebuild the naval forces after the defeat at Djerba (ABOUT 300 GALLEYS BUILT UNTIL 1574)
- Don Carlos is recognized as heir apparent for the crown of Castile
- Philip declares state bankruptcy (1)
- Philip fights the Turks at Djerba and LOST, therefore needing to rebuild his entire naval fleet
17
Q
1561-62
A
In Barcelona the vicar general issued fifty-seven warnings to clergy of the diocese over their concubines
18
Q
1561
A
- Philip blocks the popes attempt to excommunicate Elizabeth (1)
- The Subsido was made a regular levy
- Cistercians in Spain were removed from obedience to the (French) abbot of Cîteaux; and similar rules were applied to the Trinitarians, Carmelites and other orders.
- The Council of Trent begins
- Madrid adopted as seat of royal administration
19
Q
1562
A
- Sir John Hawkins sailed from Plymouth with 3 ships to Guinea and violently kidnapped about 400 Africans - traded them in the West Indies
- Huguenot numbers in France reached a near 2 million - mainly southern and western areas
- Don Carlos falls down a flight of stairs, and when he recovers his behavior becomes very unpredictable
- Massacre at Vassy
- Cardinal Espinosa is made Councilor of the Royal Council of Castile
20
Q
1562-67
A
Hawkins and Drake made 3 voyages to Guinea and Sierra Leone - enslaving between 1,200 and 1,400 Africans (death of 3 X that number)
21
Q
1563
A
- The Council of Trent ends
- Decrees of Council of Trent
- An attempt is made in Valencia to disarm the Moriscos
- Building for the Escorial is begun in Madrid (costs 5 million ducats)
- Philip blocks the popes attempt to excommunicate Elizabeth (2)
- Don Carlos is recognized as heir apparent for the crown of Aragon
22
Q
1564
A
- Granvelle is removed from the Netherlands and moved to serve the crown with distinction to Italy
- The government decreed measures to regulate the Atlantic crossing. From now on, ships crossing to America could only do so as part of two organised annual convoys from the river at Seville.
- Philip commisioned a great expedition to Peñón de
Vélez with 93 galleys - Philip ordered in a decree of that provincial synods be held regularly – REFORM
- Mendoza begins reforms when he takes up residency in Burgos
- The pope ratified the decrees of the Council of Trent
- Philip II helped to finance a voyage to Asia from the Pacific
coast of New Spain, under the command of the Basque Miguel López de Legazpi
23
Q
1565
A
- The Turks attacked Malta
- Cardinal Espinosa is made President of the Royal Council of Castile
- The first expedition of the ‘Manila galleon’ - laden with goods, spices and textiles to the port of Acapulco in Mexico
- The clergy met in synod in Granada and advised the king that the old policy of patient evangelisation should be replaced by one of radical repression. Moriscos, they said, should in future be forbidden use of their language, their dress, their literature, their dances and their traditional rites. Their houses should be regularly inspected; judicial officers must be stricter; children should be brought up away from the influence of their parents.
- Erasso falls from grace and is found guilty of fraud and fined
- Synods are held in Toledo, Santiago, Tarragona, Valencia, Sarragosa and Granada (but the practice began to decay not long after (EXCEPT GRANADA))
- Seville was estimated to have 7.4 per cent of its population
as slaves, predominantly black - The decrees of Trent were accepted in Spain
