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PHCT LAB - PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

Most common route of entry for gases, vapors, particles and aerosols (smoke, mists and fumes). These materials may be transported into the lungs and exert localized effects, or be absorbed into the bloodstream.

A

Respiratory Tract

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2
Q

indicator of how quickly a
substance evaporates into the air and how high the concn in air can become

A

Vapor pressure of the material

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3
Q

odor that is perceptible at a certain concn.
There is no relationship between odor and
toxicity.

A

Odor Threshold

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4
Q

May occur when exposed to high concn or after prolonged exposure to some substances. This may cause the odor to seem to diminish or disappear, while the danger of overexposure
remains.

A

Olfactory fatigue

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5
Q

Factors that influence the absorption of materials in the respiratory tract

A
  • Vapor pressure of the material
  • Solubility
  • Particle size
  • Concn in the inhaled air
  • Chemical properties of the material
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6
Q

Symptoms of over exposure

A

— HA
— Increased mucus production
— Eye, nose and throat irritation
— Narcotic fx (confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, or
collapse)

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7
Q

Treatment for Over Exposure

A

Close container then increase ventilation and move to
fresh air

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8
Q

should be use in well-ventilated area, preferably a fume, hood, to reduce the potential of exposure.

A

Volatile hazardous materials

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9
Q

Regulates the use of respirators, thus, use of a respirator is subject to prior review by EHS accdg to universal policy.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Respiratory Protection Standard

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10
Q

Direct ingestion is unlikely, exposure may occur as a result of ingesting contaminated food or beverages, touching the mouth with contaminated fingers, swallowing inhaled particles which have been cleared from the respiratory system.

A

GI Tract

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11
Q

Direct ingestion may occur as a result of the outdated and dangerous practice of _______

A

mouth pipetting

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12
Q

Injection effectively bypasses the protection by intact skin and provides direct access to the bloodstream,
thus, to internal organ systems.

A

Accidental Injection

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13
Q

Injection may occur through

A
  • Mishaps with syringe needles
  • Accidents with pipettes
  • Broken glassware or other sharp objects that are contaminated
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14
Q

Accidental Injection TX

A

wash the area with soap and water and seek medical attention.

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15
Q

Toxic Substances can act on:
— Inadequate ventilation of the lungs and thus may lead to _______

A

Hypoxia

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16
Q

Toxic Substances can act on:
— Disturbances of the cardiac action (inc PR = may be due to myocardial damage and may be produced by alterations in the responsiveness to stimulation of vagus and accelerants)

A

Cardiovascular System

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17
Q

Toxic Substances can act on:
— Headache (nervous strain = eye strain, glare, noise, by hyperemia of the sinuses(frontal HA), by hyperemia of
the meninges and by increased intracranial pressure).

A

Nervous System

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18
Q

Toxic Substances can act on:
— Headache (nervous strain = eye strain, glare, noise, by hyperemia of the sinuses(frontal HA), by hyperemia of
the meninges and by increased intracranial pressure).

A

Nervous System

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19
Q

Experiment 1

A

Ethyl Alcohol

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20
Q

Experiment 2

A

Methyl Alcohol

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21
Q

Experiment 3

A

Acetone

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22
Q

Experiment 4

A

Formaldehyde

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23
Q

Experiment 5

A

Phenol

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24
Q

Experiment 6

A

Chloroform

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25
* It has a very characteristic odor and sharp burning taste * It is responsible for major medical and socio- economic problems
Ethyl Alcohol
26
Ethyl Alcohol other names:
AKA grain alcohol, ethanol, neutral spirit, spirit of wine, and spirit veni retificatus
27
Uses of Ethyl Alcohol
-Wine Industry -Solvent/Vehicle -Disinfectant
28
Ethyl Alcohol: Lethal Dose
-1 & 1/2 - 2 pints of whiskey -300-400mL of pure alcohol
29
[Mechanism of Toxicity] All mucous membranes absorb _____ alcohol very quickly and the greater part is consumed in the body
Ethyl
30
ETHYL ALCOHOL CNS Stimulation, Euphoria, Mild incoordination, Coma, respiratory depression _____ effects: _____ doses
Acute ; Low
31
ETHYL ALCOHOL CNS depression, hypoglycemia, gastric irritation, cirrhosis, fetal alcohol syndrome _____ effects: _____ doses
Chronic ; High
32
TX for Ethyl Alcohol Toxicity
— Disulfiram, Fomepizole, Diazepam, Vitamin B1, Hemodialysis and Naltrexone
33
[Ethyl Alcohol] Berthelot'r Test Reagent: + Result:
Benzyl chloride Aromatic odor
34
[Ethyl Alcohol] Chromic Acid Test Reagent: + Result:
1% K2Cr207 + H2SO4 Green sole with chico like odor
35
[Ethyl Alcohol] Ethyl Acetate Test Reagent: + Result:
H2504 + Sodium Acetate Crystals Plastic Balloon-like odor
36
[Ethyl Alcohol] LIEBENS IODOFORM Test Reagent: + Result:
Lugol's Soln + KOH Yellow SoIn w/ white ppt
37
[Ethyl Alcohol] Vitali's Test Reagent: + Result:
CS2 + KOH pellet +NH4 molybdate Red solution
38
Methyl Alcohol other names
wood alcohol, methanol and denatured alcohol
39
It is a colorless liquid with a pungent taste and odor * It is used in varnishes, as a solvent, anti-freeze for automobiles, denaturant and use for the synthesis of formaldehyde
Methyl Alcohol
40
Methyl Alcohol Toxic Dose: Moderate
100mg/kg
41
Methyl Alcohol Toxic Dose: Fatal
20-240mL (20-150kg)
42
Methyl Alcohol Mechanism of Toxicity — Oxidation to formaldehyde then to _____
formate
43
Methyl Alcohol Toxicity : Treatment
— Ethanol, NaH003, Fomepizole, Folic Acid and Hemodialysis
44
[Methyl Alcohol] Oxidation Test Reagent: + Result:
- With Copper Spiral (Bluish Green SoIn) -With KNAn04 (Decolorization of the sole) --with K2Cr207 (Green Color)
45
[Methyl Alcohol] Rimini's Phenylhydrazine Test Reagent: + Result:
5% phenylhydrazine+ 0.5% Sodium Nitroprusside + 20% Sodium Hydroxide Violet Solution
46
[Methyl Alcohol] Phloroglucinol Test Reagent: + Result:
0.1% Phloroglucinol + KOH Pink to Red color
47
Acetone other names: (2)
AKA dimethylketone and 2-propanone
48
* It is a colorless liquid with mild, pleasant odor * It is miscible with water, alcohol, ether and chloroform
Acetone
49
Mechanism of Toxicity Effects: HA, slurred speech, lethargy, lack of coordination, coma, low BP Which substance is this?
Acetone
50
Acetone Toxicity TX
Oxygen and gastric lavage
51
[Acetone] Lieben's lodoform Test Reagent: + Result:
Lugol's solution + KOH Yellowish with white ppt
52
[Acetone] Legal's Test Reagent: + Result:
0.5% Sodium Nitroprusside + Hac Red to Orange sole
53
[Acetone] Reynold'sTest Reagent: + Result:
Mercuric Chloride+Alcoholic KOH + NH4S Black Zone
54
Formaldehyde other names (5)
AKA formalin, formic acid, methanal, methyl aldehyde and formal
55
It is a gas with pungent, irritating odor It is used as disinfectant, tissue fixative and embalming agent
Formaldehyde
56
Formaldehyde is composed of
Formalin: 30-50% formaldehyde + 15% Methanol
57
Formaldehyde Toxic Dose: irritate the eyes and mucus
0.1ppm-20ppm
58
Formaldehyde Toxic Dose: death
30mL
59
Mechanism of Toxicity — Coagulation necrosis, Metabolism to formic acid — Effects: Eye irritation, watery eyes, burning sensations, tightness in chest, lethargy and coma, metabolic acidosis Which substance causes this?
Formaldehyde
60
Formaldehyde Toxicity TX
Folic Acid, NaFIC03, Decontamination, Hemodialysis
61
[Formaldehyde] Silver Nitrate Test Reagent: + Result:
Silver Nitrate Silver Mirror
62
[Formaldehyde] Fehling's Test Reagent: + Result:
Fehling's Reagent Brick Red
63
[Formaldehyde] Nessler's Test Reagent: + Result:
Nessler's Reagent Gray ppt
64
[Formaldehyde] Hehner's Test as modified by Leonard Reagent: + Result:
Fresh unboiled milk + 25% HCI with FeCl3 2 Layers with red junction
65
[Formaldehyde] Hexa methylene Tetra-Amine Test Reagent: + Result:
Ammonia white ppt
66
[Formaldehyde] Phloroglucinol Test Reagent: + Result:
15% HCI + phloroglucinol Red Color
67
[Formaldehyde] Resorcinol Test Reagent: + Result:
5% resorcinol and 40%NaOH White ppt
68
[Formaldehyde] Rimini's Phenylhydrazine Test Reagent: + Result:
0.5% phenylhydrazine HCI + 5% Sodium nitroprusside + sodium hydroxide Deep blue
69
Phenol other names (2)
AKA carbolic acid and hydroxybenzene
70
It is a potent germicidal agent (Lysol = 50% cresol), a topical antiseptic (Hexachlorophene), precursor to other drugs, an oral anesthetic and analgesic, a component of paint strippers and surgical treatment of ingrown toenails
Phenol
71
Mechanism of Toxicity: Protein denaturation, coagulation necrosis, Hemolysis and Methemoglobin Effects: burning pain in mouth and throat, sweating, weakness, HA, shock, hypotension, cyanosis, blue-green colored urine Which substance causes this?
Phenol
72
Phenol Toxicity TX
100% oxygen, activated charcoal, gastric lavage, castor oil and mineral oil
73
[Phenol] Bromine Water Test Reagent: + Result:
Excess strong bromine water YeIlowish white ppt
74
[Phenol] Ferric Chloride Test Reagent: + Result:
Very dilute FeCI3 + either dil H I or dil H2SO4 Blu-Violet color
75
[Phenol] Hypochlorite Test Reagent: + Result:
NH4OH + freshly prepared sodium or calcium hypochlorite Blue Color
76
[Phenol] Millon's Test Reagent: + Result:
Millon's Rgrt Red color
77
Chloroform other names (3)
AKA trichloromethane, methyl trichloride and chlorinated HC solvent
78
Used in the production of freon, extractant and solvent
Chloroform
79
Mechanism of Toxicity Potent hepatic and renal toxin, CNIS depression, increase sensitivity of the myocardium to arrythmogenic effects of cathecolamines Effects: N/V, HA, dizziness and confusion, irritation and defatting type of dermatitis, resp arrest, coma, renal and hepatic damage Which substance causes this?
Chloroform
80
Chloroform tpxicity TX
NAC, activated charcoal, gastric lavage
81
[Chloroform] Isocyanide Test Reagent: + Result:
Aniline+ Alcoholic or Aqueous KOH Very repulsive odor
82
[Chloroform] Schwartz's Resorcinol Test Reagent: + Result:
Resorcinol + NaOH Yellowish white color
83
[Chloroform] Lustgarten's Naphthol Test Reagent: + Result:
Alpha naphthol Blue green to brown color
84
[Chloroform] Fujiwara's Test Reagent: + Result:
Pyridine + 10% NaOH sole Red Color
85
[Chloroform] Fehling's Test Reagent: + Result:
Fehling's Rgrt -red ppt
86
[Chloroform] Tollen's Test Reagent: + Result:
-Ammonium Hydroxide+Silver Nitrate -Silver Mirror
87
[Chloroform] Cyanide Test Reagent: + Result:
Ammonium chloride + alcoholic KOH then test for the presence of HCN by the Prussian Blue Test Blue ppt

PRELIMS (13 decks)

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