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PRELIMS > PHCT LAB - PRELIMS > Flashcards

PHCT LAB - PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

Most common route of entry for gases, vapors, particles and aerosols (smoke, mists and fumes). These materials may be transported into the lungs and exert localized effects, or be absorbed into the bloodstream.

A

Respiratory Tract

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2
Q

indicator of how quickly a
substance evaporates into the air and how high the concn in air can become

A

Vapor pressure of the material

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3
Q

odor that is perceptible at a certain concn.
There is no relationship between odor and
toxicity.

A

Odor Threshold

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4
Q

May occur when exposed to high concn or after prolonged exposure to some substances. This may cause the odor to seem to diminish or disappear, while the danger of overexposure
remains.

A

Olfactory fatigue

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5
Q

Factors that influence the absorption of materials in the respiratory tract

A
  • Vapor pressure of the material
  • Solubility
  • Particle size
  • Concn in the inhaled air
  • Chemical properties of the material
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6
Q

Symptoms of over exposure

A

— HA
— Increased mucus production
— Eye, nose and throat irritation
— Narcotic fx (confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, or
collapse)

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7
Q

Treatment for Over Exposure

A

Close container then increase ventilation and move to
fresh air

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8
Q

should be use in well-ventilated area, preferably a fume, hood, to reduce the potential of exposure.

A

Volatile hazardous materials

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9
Q

Regulates the use of respirators, thus, use of a respirator is subject to prior review by EHS accdg to universal policy.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Respiratory Protection Standard

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10
Q

Direct ingestion is unlikely, exposure may occur as a result of ingesting contaminated food or beverages, touching the mouth with contaminated fingers, swallowing inhaled particles which have been cleared from the respiratory system.

A

GI Tract

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11
Q

Direct ingestion may occur as a result of the outdated and dangerous practice of _______

A

mouth pipetting

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12
Q

Injection effectively bypasses the protection by intact skin and provides direct access to the bloodstream,
thus, to internal organ systems.

A

Accidental Injection

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13
Q

Injection may occur through

A
  • Mishaps with syringe needles
  • Accidents with pipettes
  • Broken glassware or other sharp objects that are contaminated
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14
Q

Accidental Injection TX

A

wash the area with soap and water and seek medical attention.

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15
Q

Toxic Substances can act on:
— Inadequate ventilation of the lungs and thus may lead to _______

A

Hypoxia

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16
Q

Toxic Substances can act on:
— Disturbances of the cardiac action (inc PR = may be due to myocardial damage and may be produced by alterations in the responsiveness to stimulation of vagus and accelerants)

A

Cardiovascular System

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17
Q

Toxic Substances can act on:
— Headache (nervous strain = eye strain, glare, noise, by hyperemia of the sinuses(frontal HA), by hyperemia of
the meninges and by increased intracranial pressure).

A

Nervous System

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18
Q

Toxic Substances can act on:
— Headache (nervous strain = eye strain, glare, noise, by hyperemia of the sinuses(frontal HA), by hyperemia of
the meninges and by increased intracranial pressure).

A

Nervous System

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19
Q

Experiment 1

A

Ethyl Alcohol

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20
Q

Experiment 2

A

Methyl Alcohol

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21
Q

Experiment 3

A

Acetone

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22
Q

Experiment 4

A

Formaldehyde

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23
Q

Experiment 5

A

Phenol

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24
Q

Experiment 6

A

Chloroform

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25
Q
  • It has a very characteristic odor and sharp
    burning taste
  • It is responsible for major medical and socio-
    economic problems
A

Ethyl Alcohol

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26
Q

Ethyl Alcohol other names:

A

AKA grain alcohol, ethanol, neutral spirit, spirit of wine, and spirit veni retificatus

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27
Q

Uses of Ethyl Alcohol

A

-Wine Industry
-Solvent/Vehicle
-Disinfectant

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28
Q

Ethyl Alcohol: Lethal Dose

A

-1 & 1/2 - 2 pints of whiskey
-300-400mL of pure alcohol

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29
Q

[Mechanism of Toxicity] All mucous membranes absorb _____ alcohol very quickly and the greater part is consumed in the body

A

Ethyl

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30
Q

ETHYL ALCOHOL
CNS Stimulation, Euphoria, Mild incoordination, Coma, respiratory depression
_____ effects: _____ doses

A

Acute ; Low

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31
Q

ETHYL ALCOHOL
CNS depression, hypoglycemia, gastric irritation, cirrhosis, fetal alcohol syndrome
_____ effects: _____ doses

A

Chronic ; High

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32
Q

TX for Ethyl Alcohol Toxicity

A

— Disulfiram, Fomepizole, Diazepam, Vitamin B1, Hemodialysis and Naltrexone

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33
Q

[Ethyl Alcohol]
Berthelot’r Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Benzyl chloride
Aromatic odor

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34
Q

[Ethyl Alcohol]
Chromic Acid Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

1% K2Cr207 + H2SO4
Green sole with chico like odor

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35
Q

[Ethyl Alcohol]
Ethyl Acetate Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

H2504 + Sodium Acetate Crystals
Plastic Balloon-like odor

36
Q

[Ethyl Alcohol]
LIEBENS IODOFORM Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Lugol’s Soln + KOH
Yellow SoIn w/ white ppt

37
Q

[Ethyl Alcohol]
Vitali’s Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

CS2 + KOH pellet +NH4 molybdate
Red solution

38
Q

Methyl Alcohol other names

A

wood alcohol, methanol and denatured
alcohol

39
Q

It is a colorless liquid with a pungent taste and odor
* It is used in varnishes, as a solvent, anti-freeze for automobiles, denaturant and use for the synthesis of formaldehyde

A

Methyl Alcohol

40
Q

Methyl Alcohol
Toxic Dose: Moderate

A

100mg/kg

41
Q

Methyl Alcohol
Toxic Dose: Fatal

A

20-240mL (20-150kg)

42
Q

Methyl Alcohol
Mechanism of Toxicity
— Oxidation to formaldehyde then to _____

A

formate

43
Q

Methyl Alcohol
Toxicity : Treatment

A

— Ethanol, NaH003, Fomepizole, Folic Acid and Hemodialysis

44
Q

[Methyl Alcohol]
Oxidation Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A
  • With Copper Spiral (Bluish Green SoIn)
    -With KNAn04 (Decolorization of the sole)
    –with K2Cr207 (Green Color)
45
Q

[Methyl Alcohol]
Rimini’s Phenylhydrazine Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

5% phenylhydrazine+
0.5% Sodium Nitroprusside + 20% Sodium Hydroxide

Violet Solution

46
Q

[Methyl Alcohol]
Phloroglucinol Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

0.1% Phloroglucinol + KOH
Pink to Red color

47
Q

Acetone other names: (2)

A

AKA dimethylketone and 2-propanone

48
Q
  • It is a colorless liquid with mild, pleasant odor
  • It is miscible with water, alcohol, ether and chloroform
A

Acetone

49
Q

Mechanism of Toxicity
Effects: HA, slurred speech, lethargy, lack of
coordination, coma, low BP

Which substance is this?

A

Acetone

50
Q

Acetone Toxicity TX

A

Oxygen and gastric lavage

51
Q

[Acetone]
Lieben’s lodoform Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Lugol’s solution + KOH
Yellowish with white ppt

52
Q

[Acetone]
Legal’s Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

0.5% Sodium Nitroprusside + Hac
Red to Orange sole

53
Q

[Acetone]
Reynold’sTest

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Mercuric Chloride+Alcoholic KOH + NH4S
Black Zone

54
Q

Formaldehyde other names (5)

A

AKA formalin, formic acid, methanal, methyl aldehyde and formal

55
Q

It is a gas with pungent, irritating odor
It is used as disinfectant, tissue fixative and
embalming agent

A

Formaldehyde

56
Q

Formaldehyde is composed of

A

Formalin: 30-50%
formaldehyde + 15% Methanol

57
Q

Formaldehyde
Toxic Dose: irritate the eyes and mucus

A

0.1ppm-20ppm

58
Q

Formaldehyde
Toxic Dose: death

A

30mL

59
Q

Mechanism of Toxicity
— Coagulation necrosis, Metabolism to formic acid
— Effects: Eye irritation, watery eyes, burning sensations,
tightness in chest, lethargy and coma, metabolic acidosis

Which substance causes this?

A

Formaldehyde

60
Q

Formaldehyde Toxicity TX

A

Folic Acid, NaFIC03, Decontamination, Hemodialysis

61
Q

[Formaldehyde]
Silver Nitrate Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Silver Nitrate
Silver Mirror

62
Q

[Formaldehyde]
Fehling’s Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Fehling’s Reagent
Brick Red

63
Q

[Formaldehyde]
Nessler’s Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Nessler’s Reagent
Gray ppt

64
Q

[Formaldehyde]
Hehner’s Test as modified by Leonard

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Fresh unboiled milk + 25% HCI with FeCl3
2 Layers with red junction

65
Q

[Formaldehyde]
Hexa methylene Tetra-Amine Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Ammonia
white ppt

66
Q

[Formaldehyde]
Phloroglucinol Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

15% HCI + phloroglucinol
Red Color

67
Q

[Formaldehyde]
Resorcinol Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

5% resorcinol and 40%NaOH
White ppt

68
Q

[Formaldehyde]
Rimini’s Phenylhydrazine Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

0.5% phenylhydrazine HCI + 5% Sodium nitroprusside + sodium hydroxide

Deep blue

69
Q

Phenol other names (2)

A

AKA carbolic acid and hydroxybenzene

70
Q

It is a potent germicidal agent (Lysol = 50%
cresol), a topical antiseptic (Hexachlorophene),
precursor to other drugs, an oral anesthetic
and analgesic, a component of paint strippers
and surgical treatment of ingrown toenails

A

Phenol

71
Q

Mechanism of Toxicity:
Protein denaturation, coagulation necrosis,
Hemolysis and Methemoglobin
Effects: burning pain in mouth and throat,
sweating, weakness, HA, shock, hypotension,
cyanosis, blue-green colored urine

Which substance causes this?

A

Phenol

72
Q

Phenol Toxicity TX

A

100% oxygen, activated charcoal, gastric lavage, castor oil and mineral oil

73
Q

[Phenol]
Bromine Water Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Excess strong bromine water
YeIlowish white ppt

74
Q

[Phenol]
Ferric Chloride Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Very dilute FeCI3 + either dil H I or dil H2SO4

Blu-Violet color

75
Q

[Phenol]
Hypochlorite Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

NH4OH + freshly prepared sodium or calcium hypochlorite
Blue Color

76
Q

[Phenol]
Millon’s Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Millon’s Rgrt
Red color

77
Q

Chloroform other names (3)

A

AKA trichloromethane, methyl trichloride and chlorinated HC solvent

78
Q

Used in the production of freon, extractant
and solvent

A

Chloroform

79
Q

Mechanism of Toxicity
Potent hepatic and renal toxin, CNIS depression,
increase sensitivity of the myocardium to
arrythmogenic effects of cathecolamines
Effects: N/V, HA, dizziness and confusion, irritation
and defatting type of dermatitis, resp arrest,
coma, renal and hepatic damage

Which substance causes this?

A

Chloroform

80
Q

Chloroform tpxicity TX

A

NAC, activated charcoal, gastric lavage

81
Q

[Chloroform]
Isocyanide Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Aniline+ Alcoholic or
Aqueous KOH

Very repulsive odor

82
Q

[Chloroform]
Schwartz’s Resorcinol Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Resorcinol + NaOH
Yellowish white color

83
Q

[Chloroform]
Lustgarten’s Naphthol Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Alpha naphthol
Blue green to brown color

84
Q

[Chloroform]
Fujiwara’s Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Pyridine + 10% NaOH sole
Red Color

85
Q

[Chloroform]
Fehling’s Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Fehling’s Rgrt
-red ppt

86
Q

[Chloroform]
Tollen’s Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

-Ammonium Hydroxide+Silver Nitrate
-Silver Mirror

87
Q

[Chloroform]
Cyanide Test

Reagent:
+ Result:

A

Ammonium chloride + alcoholic KOH then test for the presence of HCN by the Prussian Blue Test

Blue ppt

PRELIMS (13 decks)

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