PHC Vaccination Protocols Flashcards
When is maternal Ab lost in cats & dogs?
6-16 wks
T/F animals with stable chronic disease can be vaccinated?
true
What are the core feline vaccines? (4)
Rabies
FPV (feline panleukopenia virus)
FHV-1 (FVR) (feline herpes virus 1)
FCV (feline calicivirus)
Which two feline vx are canary pox vectored? (2)
Rabies
FeLV
Non-core feline vaccines (4)
FeLV (high risk)
FIV* (only for high risk cats + permanent identification)
Chlamydophila** (multi-cat/outbreak)
Bordatella** (multi-cat/outbreak)
FIV vaccine should be only given to which animals:
high risk cats with permanent id (microchip)
Chlamydophila and bordatella only given when in cats?
multiple cats
or outbreak situation
Which 2 feline vaccines not recommended?
FIP
Giardia
What is the kitten multivalent vaccine protocol?
Vaccines: FPV, FHV-1, FCV Give first dose at 6-8 wks Vaccinate q3-4wks until 16wks (Ideal schedule is wk 8, 12, 16) Give a booster 1yr from last dose After that, re-vaccinate q3years
Kitten rabies protocol?
Give a single dose 12-16wks (usually 16wk)
Re-vaccinate 1 year later
Re-vaccinate q1-3year based on product regulations
(OVC uses Merial- which requires yearly vaccinations)
What is the vaccine protocol for: Adult cat (>16wks), without previous vaccination or vx hx unknown:
FPV, FHV-1, FCV
- give 2 doses, 3-4 wks apart
- booster in one year
- re-vaccinate q3yrs
What is the main diff btwn kitten and adult cat core vaccine?
Adult don’t give the 3 initial doses, just 2 (3-4 weeks apart)
When give FeLV to cats?
-risk exposure= cat-cat interaction
-young are most susceptible
(and they should have a negative test result prior to vaccination)
FeLV spread via?
A. Body Fluids: - Saliva - Nasal secretions - Feces - Milk - Urine B. In utero
3 possible outcomes of FeLV exposure
- transient/cleared
- latent (regressive)- infected but aviremic
- persistant (progressive)-dev FeLV dz; die within 3 years
With the ELISA/Ag FeLV test, will a vaccinated animal create a false positive result?
No. an FeLV vaccination will not induce a positive test result
What do you do if you have a + FeLV test?
Repeat Ag/ELISA in 6-8wks or do PCR/IFA
–> Transiently viremic cats may eliminate the infection and seroconvert to seronegative.
(Note: -ve ELISA results are very reliable)
What is the FeLV vaccination protocol?
Only vaccinate a negative FeLV animal.
- Use 2 doses 3-4 weeks apart in cats as young as 8wks of age
- re-vaccinate 1 year
- re-vaccinate q 1year if there is a sustained risk of infection
T/F AAFP recommends all kittens receive FeLV vaccinations
True
FIV transmitted (3 ways)
- Bite wounds
- Milk
- In utero
FIV signs (5)
- chronic ulcer stomatitis
- neoplasia –> lymphoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
- ocular (uveitis, chorioretinitis)
- anemia, leukopenia
- cutaneous abscesses
FIV test initially using ___; if + confirm with ____
Ab/ELISA, Western blot
(maternal antibodies will cause false positives; FIV vaccinations will cause positive results
if <6months and + FIV, do what
Retest at 60d intervals until 6months
- if still + then consider FIV infected
- if negative at any interval no infected
Can current FIV test dist btwn vx and infection?
NO!
Situations when to tell client to get FIV vx: (2 situations)
outdoor cat that fights OR indoor cat with FIV + cat
What should you do when you vaccinate for FIV?
Microchip so can ID so not euthanized for + FIV test if vaccinated against it (can’t tell the difference in test)
FIV protocol
3 doses q2-3wks
- revaccinate 1 yr
- revaccinate yearly if risk continues
FIV vs FeLV protocol
FeLV- 2 doses q3-4wks
FIV 3 doses q2-3wks
What do you tell the owner if they have + FIV/FeLV cats?
-may never develop retrovirus assoc. disorder, can manage if it does
-must be kept inside
(“and your cat may be a dirty whore”. Thanks Dave.)
Management of + FeLV/FIV
- cont. core vaccines
- OHE/Neuter
- control parasites
- exam 2x’s/year
Canine Core vx’s (4)
Rabies
CDV (canine distemper virus)
CPV-2 (canine parvovirus 2)
CAV-2 (canine adenovirus 2)
Name the non-core K9 vx (4)
CPIV (Canine parainfluenza virus)
Leptospira
Bordatella bronchiseptica
Borrelia burgdorferi
Do we recommend CAV-1?
no- CAV-2 recommend though
CAV-1 can cause immune complex reactions
CDV, CAD-2, CPV2 puppies protocol
- 3doses age 6-16wks
- booster 1yr
- re-vaccinate q3yr
Puppy rabies protocol
1 dose (as early as 12wks)
- re-vaccinate q1-3y depending on product
- OVC merial’s 3 yr vaccine (vs 1 yr with cats)
What is the vaccination protocol? Adult dog (>16wks) vaccine- unknown or no prev hx
- give 2 doses
- booster 1year
- re-vaccinate q3year
Rabies adult dog vaccination protocol
single dose
- re-vaccinate 1 yr
- re-vaccinate 1-3y depending on product
What is the lepto protocol for toy breeds (esp. mini daschunds) sensetive to this vx
lepto- split dose in 1/2 and give 2wks apart
Lepto protocol
2 doses 2-4 weeks apart, dogs > 12wks
-re-vaccinate q1 yr if risk
Do not give lepto vx to puppies <___wks
12wks
Bordatella vx licenced for how long
1 yr but recommended q6months for show dogs, etc
Bordatella vx- when give
-at least 1 wk prior to exposure
protocol for intra-nasal bordatella
single dose annually orevery 6 months if high risk
Bordatella parenteral protocol
give 2 doses 2-4wks apart (not as protective as intranasal)
-re-vaccinate q6 months (high risk) or annually
Borrelia transmitted via
Ixodes (deer tick)
What is the best preventative for Lyme Dz?
tick prevention
Vaccination protocol for Lyme dz
Similar to parenteral Bordatella (Give 2 doses 2-4 weeks apart then annually) prior to tick season
FPV, FHV-1, FCV location of vx
RF
Where do you inject FeLV/FIV?
LH
Incidence of vx reaction > dogs or cats
cats but still really rare (51.6 in 10,000 cats)
primary anaphylactic signs in cats
vomiting/diarrhea but also can have facial swelling, pruritis, urticaria –> resp distress, vascular collapse
Mild adverse reaction to vaccination - treatment (Type 1 hypersensitivity - mild)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 2m/kg IM
Dexamethasone (steroid) 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg IV, IM
Anaphylaxis tx (Type 1 hypersensitivity - severe)
Diphenhydramine 2m/kg IM
Dexamethasone 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg IV, IM
+ IV fluids at shock rates (50 ml/kg cat; 90 ml/kg dog)
+/- epinephrine, atropine, oxygen
Type III Ab-Ag reaction eg - what vaccine causes this?
CAV-1 vaccines (why don’t recommend)
Immune complex reaction
ITP or IMHA are examples of what type of reaction?
Type II hypersensitivity (autoimmune) - common 1-2months post vx
Avoid which vx for cats to decrease vaccine associated sarcomas?
FeLV and Rabies adjuvanted
Recommendation is to use the non-adjuvanted canarypox virus vectored recombinant vaccines
3-2-1 rule with vaccine associated sarcomas
Biopsy site IF:
- persist > 3months
- 2 cm diameter or >
- increase in size over course 1 month
Adult cat vs adult dog (eg when stop with 3 initial doses and go to 2 doses)
Cat- @12wks
Dogs- @16wks
T/F toxocara migrans are reportable
false
Deworming puppies and kittens:
Start at 2wk (puppies) or 2-3wks (kittens)
- q2wks until 8wks
- once/month until 6months
When should you submit a routine fecal for a young animal and how?
12wks via centrifugation
at time of treatment
Products safe to deworm puppies vs kittens (starting at 2wks old)
both puppies/kittens: pyrantel, milbemycin
puppies only: fenbendazole
(pyrantel and fenbendazole NMA, milbemycin 2wk MA)
What if puppy or kitten unknown hx of deworming?
deworm 2x’s (2wks apart), submit fecal at second dose
-deworm once/month until 6months
When do you submit fecal sample for puppies and kittens
3months/12 wks (known hx)
or
6 months with no known hx
T/F parasite protocols same for puppies adn kittens up to age 6 months
true
Is giardia zoonotic?
2/4 genotypes are zoonotic (7% of dogs in Guelph have giardia & 80% are subclinical)
Who is most likely to get giardia?
puppies (way more likely than adult dogs)
Is giardia common?
In Guelph, 7% of the dog population but 80% infected are asymptomatic
What age consider giardia fecal Ag test in a high risk household?
16 wk ($36)
What is the adult dogs deworming protocol?
- Fecal sample (centrifuge) 1x a year and annually deworm
- Deworm at annually using a good product
- Use heartworm preventatives
(interceptor, sentinel, heartgard plus, advantage multi = broad spectrum de-worming)
What is the high risk adult dog protocol?
- Fecal sample 2xs/year
- Deworm at least 2x’s/year OR
- Heartworm preventative with good deworming (intercept, sentinel, heartgard plus, adv multi)
Annually screen adult dogs for giardia?
nope
tx for giardia
Fenbendazole 50mg/kg 3 days
Repeat ELISA 4-5days post treatment
If still positive then test at 21days, still positive then rx again with fenbend for 14days
This is very import when txing giardia infection
Bathe on first and last day of treatment
Deworming protocol for adult indoor cats
Annual fecal and treat based on result
What encysted larvae est. patent infection in cats (and sometimes dogs)?
Toxocara
Deworming protocol for adult indoor/outdoor or multicast households
Fecal at least 2x/yr (once in summer) –> ideally3-4times/yr
-tx based on results
What is the difference in deworming protocol between adult cats and dogs (indoor cats, non-high risk dogs)?
Dogs you test annually and deworm anyway, cats test but only treat if infected
If can’t get fecals from indoor/outdoor cats, what is your deworming protocol?
Deworm 2x’s for roundworms and tapeworms and use flea control if required (revolution/selamectin doesn’t work against tapeworms and isn’t great against roundworms)
Is revolution (selamectin) good prevention against tapeworms?
no
What is the deworming protocol for high risk households with adult cats?
Fecal test (centrifuge) at least 2x/yr Deworm 2-4x for rounds and tapes (no matter what the results)
Is the serologic test good for toxoplasma in cats?
no- good though with prego moms
Is isospora & eimeria zoonotic?
no
Only tx coccidia when
large #oocysts shed and clinical diarrhea
Obtain baseline heartworm from dogs above what age:
6 months (Ag test) (there is a 7 month pre-detection period for primary screening)
When test puppies that are < 6 months of age in May-June?
Test them the following spring (at 12 - 18 months of age) for baseline data
Test for heartworm in ON in which months?
May - June
T/F: Testing for heartworm more than once a year is off label?
TRUE - but can use scientific justification eg. no travel hx, good compliance, etc)
When do you test for heartworm if switching products?
Ideally test: - At time of change - 4-5mon - 9mon (Purpose is to test for prior product efficacy failures to prove responsibility issues)
What time of year are heartworm preventatives given when in ON
June-Nov (start in June for flea product)
proheart 6 only given to which kind of animals?
Ones where alternatives cannot be effectively administered
If + hrt worm test, what do you do?
- Rerun (sending out sample if done in-house)
- If 2nd positive then run microfilaria, reassess travel hx and compliance
* * PCR is not recommended **
Is the PCR test for heartworm recommended?
no
if heart worm + (radiographs, US) and clinical, what is the treatment?
Melarsomine 3 dose regime
If subclinical + heartworm test?
Option 1: Repeat blood test in 6-12months, no meds
Option 2: Ivermectin, selamectin at preventative dose 1/month for at least 18 months; Repeat Ag test q6months= slow kill
Option 3: Immiticide
What is the most common tick on ON dogs?
T/F: Ixodes scapularis is an endemic tick in some areas of Ontario?
Dermacentor variables (American dog tick) - most common True. Ixodes scapulars (deer tick) is endemic in certain areas
Name two dog tick prevention drugs:
- Revolution (selemectin) - although doesn’t work well against Ixodes
- Advantix - all ticks (not safe on cats)
–> but remove any ticks found on your pet!
(Others: defend spot-on, active 3)
Name 2 safe drugs for heartworm + dogs
selemectin (Revolution)
moxidectin (adv. Multi)
Is the routine screening of healthy dogs for lymme dz or e. canis recommended?
No because treatment is based on clinical signs, risk of exposure, ect
Otodectes cynotis is most common in ___ and who gets treated if you find it?
kittens, treat ALL pets in house
What are treatment options for ear mites(Otodectes cynotis)
Options: Single dose: milbemite (milbemycin oxime) or revolution Daily dose (3wks): Tresaderm (thiabendazole etc) or Surolan (miconazole nitrate, polymyxin B, prednisolone acetate) (cats only)
Mosquito prevention for dogs?
Which one is licensed against mosquitos?
Dogs: use pyrethrins, permethrins at labelled dose (these kill cats!!)
Permethrin (Active 3, Defend, K9 Advantix) is licensed against mosquitos
DON’T use feet on dogs & cats.
What is a safe mosquito repellent for cats?
NONE- consider avon’s “skin so soft”- only lasts few hours
