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OSCEs > PHC Vaccination Protocols > Flashcards

PHC Vaccination Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

When is maternal Ab lost in cats & dogs?

A

6-16 wks

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2
Q

T/F animals with stable chronic disease can be vaccinated?

A

true

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3
Q

What are the core feline vaccines? (4)

A

Rabies
FPV (feline panleukopenia virus)
FHV-1 (FVR) (feline herpes virus 1)
FCV (feline calicivirus)

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4
Q

Which two feline vx are canary pox vectored? (2)

A

Rabies

FeLV

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5
Q

Non-core feline vaccines (4)

A

FeLV (high risk)
FIV* (only for high risk cats + permanent identification)
Chlamydophila** (multi-cat/outbreak)
Bordatella** (multi-cat/outbreak)

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6
Q

FIV vaccine should be only given to which animals:

A

high risk cats with permanent id (microchip)

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7
Q

Chlamydophila and bordatella only given when in cats?

A

multiple cats

or outbreak situation

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8
Q

Which 2 feline vaccines not recommended?

A

FIP

Giardia

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9
Q

What is the kitten multivalent vaccine protocol?

A 
Vaccines: FPV, FHV-1, FCV
Give first dose at 6-8 wks
Vaccinate q3-4wks until 16wks
(Ideal schedule is wk 8, 12, 16)
Give a booster 1yr from last dose
After that, re-vaccinate q3years
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10
Q

Kitten rabies protocol?

A

Give a single dose 12-16wks (usually 16wk)
Re-vaccinate 1 year later
Re-vaccinate q1-3year based on product regulations
(OVC uses Merial- which requires yearly vaccinations)

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11
Q

What is the vaccine protocol for: Adult cat (>16wks), without previous vaccination or vx hx unknown:

A

FPV, FHV-1, FCV

  • give 2 doses, 3-4 wks apart
  • booster in one year
  • re-vaccinate q3yrs
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12
Q

What is the main diff btwn kitten and adult cat core vaccine?

A

Adult don’t give the 3 initial doses, just 2 (3-4 weeks apart)

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13
Q

When give FeLV to cats?

A

-risk exposure= cat-cat interaction
-young are most susceptible
(and they should have a negative test result prior to vaccination)

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14
Q

FeLV spread via?

A 
A. Body Fluids:
- Saliva
- Nasal secretions
- Feces
- Milk
- Urine
B. In utero
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15
Q

3 possible outcomes of FeLV exposure

A
  1. transient/cleared
  2. latent (regressive)- infected but aviremic
  3. persistant (progressive)-dev FeLV dz; die within 3 years
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16
Q

With the ELISA/Ag FeLV test, will a vaccinated animal create a false positive result?

A

No. an FeLV vaccination will not induce a positive test result

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17
Q

What do you do if you have a + FeLV test?

A

Repeat Ag/ELISA in 6-8wks or do PCR/IFA
–> Transiently viremic cats may eliminate the infection and seroconvert to seronegative.
(Note: -ve ELISA results are very reliable)

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18
Q

What is the FeLV vaccination protocol?

A

Only vaccinate a negative FeLV animal.

  1. Use 2 doses 3-4 weeks apart in cats as young as 8wks of age
  2. re-vaccinate 1 year
  3. re-vaccinate q 1year if there is a sustained risk of infection
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19
Q

T/F AAFP recommends all kittens receive FeLV vaccinations

A

True

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20
Q

FIV transmitted (3 ways)

A
  1. Bite wounds
  2. Milk
  3. In utero
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21
Q

FIV signs (5)

A
  1. chronic ulcer stomatitis
  2. neoplasia –> lymphoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
  3. ocular (uveitis, chorioretinitis)
  4. anemia, leukopenia
  5. cutaneous abscesses
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22
Q

FIV test initially using ___; if + confirm with ____

A

Ab/ELISA, Western blot

(maternal antibodies will cause false positives; FIV vaccinations will cause positive results

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23
Q

if <6months and + FIV, do what

A

Retest at 60d intervals until 6months

  • if still + then consider FIV infected
  • if negative at any interval no infected
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24
Q

Can current FIV test dist btwn vx and infection?

A

NO!

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25
Q

Situations when to tell client to get FIV vx: (2 situations)

A

outdoor cat that fights OR indoor cat with FIV + cat

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26
Q

What should you do when you vaccinate for FIV?

A

Microchip so can ID so not euthanized for + FIV test if vaccinated against it (can’t tell the difference in test)

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27
Q

FIV protocol

A

3 doses q2-3wks

  • revaccinate 1 yr
  • revaccinate yearly if risk continues
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28
Q

FIV vs FeLV protocol

A

FeLV- 2 doses q3-4wks

FIV 3 doses q2-3wks

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29
Q

What do you tell the owner if they have + FIV/FeLV cats?

A

-may never develop retrovirus assoc. disorder, can manage if it does
-must be kept inside
(“and your cat may be a dirty whore”. Thanks Dave.)

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30
Q

Management of + FeLV/FIV

A
  • cont. core vaccines
  • OHE/Neuter
  • control parasites
  • exam 2x’s/year
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31
Q

Canine Core vx’s (4)

A

Rabies
CDV (canine distemper virus)
CPV-2 (canine parvovirus 2)
CAV-2 (canine adenovirus 2)

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32
Q

Name the non-core K9 vx (4)

A

CPIV (Canine parainfluenza virus)
Leptospira
Bordatella bronchiseptica
Borrelia burgdorferi

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33
Q

Do we recommend CAV-1?

A

no- CAV-2 recommend though

CAV-1 can cause immune complex reactions

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34
Q

CDV, CAD-2, CPV2 puppies protocol

A
  • 3doses age 6-16wks
  • booster 1yr
  • re-vaccinate q3yr
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35
Q

Puppy rabies protocol

A

1 dose (as early as 12wks)

  • re-vaccinate q1-3y depending on product
  • OVC merial’s 3 yr vaccine (vs 1 yr with cats)
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36
Q

What is the vaccination protocol? Adult dog (>16wks) vaccine- unknown or no prev hx

A
  • give 2 doses
  • booster 1year
  • re-vaccinate q3year
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37
Q

Rabies adult dog vaccination protocol

A

single dose

  • re-vaccinate 1 yr
  • re-vaccinate 1-3y depending on product
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38
Q

What is the lepto protocol for toy breeds (esp. mini daschunds) sensetive to this vx

A

lepto- split dose in 1/2 and give 2wks apart

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39
Q

Lepto protocol

A

2 doses 2-4 weeks apart, dogs > 12wks

-re-vaccinate q1 yr if risk

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40
Q

Do not give lepto vx to puppies <___wks

A

12wks

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41
Q

Bordatella vx licenced for how long

A

1 yr but recommended q6months for show dogs, etc

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42
Q

Bordatella vx- when give

A

-at least 1 wk prior to exposure

43
Q

protocol for intra-nasal bordatella

A

single dose annually orevery 6 months if high risk

44
Q

Bordatella parenteral protocol

A

give 2 doses 2-4wks apart (not as protective as intranasal)

-re-vaccinate q6 months (high risk) or annually

45
Q

Borrelia transmitted via

A

Ixodes (deer tick)

46
Q

What is the best preventative for Lyme Dz?

A

tick prevention

47
Q

Vaccination protocol for Lyme dz

A

Similar to parenteral Bordatella (Give 2 doses 2-4 weeks apart then annually) prior to tick season

48
Q

FPV, FHV-1, FCV location of vx

A

RF

49
Q

Where do you inject FeLV/FIV?

A

LH

50
Q

Incidence of vx reaction > dogs or cats

A

cats but still really rare (51.6 in 10,000 cats)

51
Q

primary anaphylactic signs in cats

A

vomiting/diarrhea but also can have facial swelling, pruritis, urticaria –> resp distress, vascular collapse

52
Q

Mild adverse reaction to vaccination - treatment (Type 1 hypersensitivity - mild)

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 2m/kg IM

Dexamethasone (steroid) 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg IV, IM

53
Q

Anaphylaxis tx (Type 1 hypersensitivity - severe)

A

Diphenhydramine 2m/kg IM
Dexamethasone 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg IV, IM
+ IV fluids at shock rates (50 ml/kg cat; 90 ml/kg dog)
+/- epinephrine, atropine, oxygen

54
Q

Type III Ab-Ag reaction eg - what vaccine causes this?

A

CAV-1 vaccines (why don’t recommend)

Immune complex reaction

55
Q

ITP or IMHA are examples of what type of reaction?

A

Type II hypersensitivity (autoimmune) - common 1-2months post vx

56
Q

Avoid which vx for cats to decrease vaccine associated sarcomas?

A

FeLV and Rabies adjuvanted

Recommendation is to use the non-adjuvanted canarypox virus vectored recombinant vaccines

57
Q

3-2-1 rule with vaccine associated sarcomas

A

Biopsy site IF:

  • persist > 3months
  • 2 cm diameter or >
  • increase in size over course 1 month
58
Q

Adult cat vs adult dog (eg when stop with 3 initial doses and go to 2 doses)

A

Cat- @12wks

Dogs- @16wks

59
Q

T/F toxocara migrans are reportable

A

false

60
Q

Deworming puppies and kittens:

A

Start at 2wk (puppies) or 2-3wks (kittens)

  • q2wks until 8wks
  • once/month until 6months
61
Q

When should you submit a routine fecal for a young animal and how?

A

12wks via centrifugation

at time of treatment

62
Q

Products safe to deworm puppies vs kittens (starting at 2wks old)

A

both puppies/kittens: pyrantel, milbemycin
puppies only: fenbendazole
(pyrantel and fenbendazole NMA, milbemycin 2wk MA)

63
Q

What if puppy or kitten unknown hx of deworming?

A

deworm 2x’s (2wks apart), submit fecal at second dose

-deworm once/month until 6months

64
Q

When do you submit fecal sample for puppies and kittens

A

3months/12 wks (known hx)
or
6 months with no known hx

65
Q

T/F parasite protocols same for puppies adn kittens up to age 6 months

A

true

66
Q

Is giardia zoonotic?

A

2/4 genotypes are zoonotic (7% of dogs in Guelph have giardia & 80% are subclinical)

67
Q

Who is most likely to get giardia?

A

puppies (way more likely than adult dogs)

68
Q

Is giardia common?

A

In Guelph, 7% of the dog population but 80% infected are asymptomatic

69
Q

What age consider giardia fecal Ag test in a high risk household?

A

16 wk ($36)

70
Q

What is the adult dogs deworming protocol?

A
  1. Fecal sample (centrifuge) 1x a year and annually deworm
  2. Deworm at annually using a good product
  3. Use heartworm preventatives
    (interceptor, sentinel, heartgard plus, advantage multi = broad spectrum de-worming)
71
Q

What is the high risk adult dog protocol?

A
  1. Fecal sample 2xs/year
  2. Deworm at least 2x’s/year OR
  3. Heartworm preventative with good deworming (intercept, sentinel, heartgard plus, adv multi)
72
Q

Annually screen adult dogs for giardia?

A

nope

73
Q

tx for giardia

A

Fenbendazole 50mg/kg 3 days
Repeat ELISA 4-5days post treatment
If still positive then test at 21days, still positive then rx again with fenbend for 14days

74
Q

This is very import when txing giardia infection

A

Bathe on first and last day of treatment

75
Q

Deworming protocol for adult indoor cats

A

Annual fecal and treat based on result

76
Q

What encysted larvae est. patent infection in cats (and sometimes dogs)?

A

Toxocara

77
Q

Deworming protocol for adult indoor/outdoor or multicast households

A

Fecal at least 2x/yr (once in summer) –> ideally3-4times/yr

-tx based on results

78
Q

What is the difference in deworming protocol between adult cats and dogs (indoor cats, non-high risk dogs)?

A

Dogs you test annually and deworm anyway, cats test but only treat if infected

79
Q

If can’t get fecals from indoor/outdoor cats, what is your deworming protocol?

A

Deworm 2x’s for roundworms and tapeworms and use flea control if required (revolution/selamectin doesn’t work against tapeworms and isn’t great against roundworms)

80
Q

Is revolution (selamectin) good prevention against tapeworms?

A

no

81
Q

What is the deworming protocol for high risk households with adult cats?

A 
Fecal test (centrifuge) at least 2x/yr
Deworm 2-4x for rounds and tapes (no matter what the results)
82
Q

Is the serologic test good for toxoplasma in cats?

A

no- good though with prego moms

83
Q

Is isospora & eimeria zoonotic?

A

no

84
Q

Only tx coccidia when

A

large #oocysts shed and clinical diarrhea

85
Q

Obtain baseline heartworm from dogs above what age:

A

6 months (Ag test) (there is a 7 month pre-detection period for primary screening)

86
Q

When test puppies that are < 6 months of age in May-June?

A

Test them the following spring (at 12 - 18 months of age) for baseline data

87
Q

Test for heartworm in ON in which months?

A

May - June

88
Q

T/F: Testing for heartworm more than once a year is off label?

A

TRUE - but can use scientific justification eg. no travel hx, good compliance, etc)

89
Q

When do you test for heartworm if switching products?

A 
Ideally test:
- At time of change
- 4-5mon
- 9mon
(Purpose is to test for prior product efficacy failures to prove responsibility issues)
90
Q

What time of year are heartworm preventatives given when in ON

A

June-Nov (start in June for flea product)

91
Q

proheart 6 only given to which kind of animals?

A

Ones where alternatives cannot be effectively administered

92
Q

If + hrt worm test, what do you do?

A
  1. Rerun (sending out sample if done in-house)
  2. If 2nd positive then run microfilaria, reassess travel hx and compliance
    * * PCR is not recommended **
93
Q

Is the PCR test for heartworm recommended?

A

no

94
Q

if heart worm + (radiographs, US) and clinical, what is the treatment?

A

Melarsomine 3 dose regime

95
Q

If subclinical + heartworm test?

A

Option 1: Repeat blood test in 6-12months, no meds
Option 2: Ivermectin, selamectin at preventative dose 1/month for at least 18 months; Repeat Ag test q6months= slow kill
Option 3: Immiticide

96
Q

What is the most common tick on ON dogs?

T/F: Ixodes scapularis is an endemic tick in some areas of Ontario?

A 
Dermacentor variables (American dog tick) - most common
True.  Ixodes scapulars (deer tick) is endemic in certain areas
97
Q

Name two dog tick prevention drugs:

A
  1. Revolution (selemectin) - although doesn’t work well against Ixodes
  2. Advantix - all ticks (not safe on cats)
    –> but remove any ticks found on your pet!
    (Others: defend spot-on, active 3)
98
Q

Name 2 safe drugs for heartworm + dogs

A

selemectin (Revolution)

moxidectin (adv. Multi)

99
Q

Is the routine screening of healthy dogs for lymme dz or e. canis recommended?

A

No because treatment is based on clinical signs, risk of exposure, ect

100
Q

Otodectes cynotis is most common in ___ and who gets treated if you find it?

A

kittens, treat ALL pets in house

101
Q

What are treatment options for ear mites(Otodectes cynotis)

A 
Options:
Single dose: milbemite (milbemycin oxime) or revolution
Daily dose (3wks): Tresaderm (thiabendazole etc) or Surolan (miconazole nitrate, polymyxin B, prednisolone acetate) (cats only)
102
Q

Mosquito prevention for dogs?

Which one is licensed against mosquitos?

A

Dogs: use pyrethrins, permethrins at labelled dose (these kill cats!!)
Permethrin (Active 3, Defend, K9 Advantix) is licensed against mosquitos
DON’T use feet on dogs & cats.

103
Q

What is a safe mosquito repellent for cats?

A

NONE- consider avon’s “skin so soft”- only lasts few hours

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