export_final exam dx path parasit Flashcards
Ixodes scap is the ____ tick
deer
borrelia causes clinically:
shifting lameness
if see Ixodes on dog- how know if risk of lymes?
if not engorged- less risk b/c has to be attached and eating for 24-48h
first check____before sending dog home with Ixodes and tell owners of dog with Ixodes tick to:
Check UPCR- only type of lyme that will kill dog, if normal send home
-watch for signs in 2-5month of shifting lameness (only 4% cases that seroconvert show signs)
t/f- only treat lyme dz if dog clinical
true
if dog is clinical- Rx
Rx: doxy for 1month
4Dx detects Ab or Ag- what if +
Ab- if +, retest in 2months
only ELISA test that looks for Ag
heartworm
screening test and Rx for Anaplasmosis and Borrelia
4DX, Doxycycline
which is tick that can establish indoors?
Riphicephalus sanguinus b/c all life cycle stages can feed on dogs
Name, transmits
Rhipicephalus sanguinus- “brown dog tick”
Riphicephalus sanguinus transmits:
- Babesia canis/piroplasmosis
- Ehrlicia canis/ monocytosis
- Anaplasma platys
“Brown BEA”
Babesia- signs and first dx test
lethargy, anemia, pyrexia, hemoglobinuria (*)
Dx: blood smear first!
tx for Babesiosis:
imidocarb
Erhlicia common where and dx
SE- 4DX
Rx- doxy
which is the tick bourne dz that causes neuro signs
Ehrlichia canis
last thing included in 4DX
Anaplasma platys/ thrombocytic anaplasmosis
What are the 4 organisms identified by the IDEXX 4Dx test? “BEAD”
Borrelia
Ehrilichia canis
Anaplasma Phagocytophilium
Dirofilaria immitis
name and transmits
Dermacentor andersoni- Rocky Mnt Spotted Fever (ricketsia)
& Fransiella tulerensis
Dermacentor variablis = “”
American dog tick
American dog tick can transmit: (3)
- rickettisia
- tulerensia
- cytoxoon felis
2 ddx for sudden death in cats:
heart worm
cytauxoon felis
name, transmits
Amblyoma americanum
- Erhlichia ewigi
- Tularensia
- Cytauxoon felis
very sick cat in Southern US
cytauzoon felis- blood smear
Ambylomma maculatum: causes/transmits what?
causes tick paralysis
transmits Hepatozoon americanum
how do dogs get infected with hepatozoonosis?
dog eats tick (only one that the tick does not transmit)
hepatozoonosis causes what signs in young dogs
very painful, reluctant to stand b/c of periosteal inflammation
Toxocara canis Routes of infestation:
- Direct Ingestion
- Trans-placental
- Transmammary
- Ingestion of a Paratenic Host
primary infection in puppies of T. canis
transplacental
puppies with transplacental T. canis will shed by
3wks age- recommend deworming at 2wks
Tx options for Toxocara
- ML- milbemycin (can give at 2wks)
- Fenbendazole(3d then 3d, 2wks later)
- Pyrantel (x2 doses)
when are eggs infective with Toxocara?
in envir after 2-4wks
pile of dead puppies- dz, rx
hookworm
-fenbendazole for all puppies
hookworms cause anemia b/c feeding where?
SI
cat-
Dipylidium caninum- flea tapeworm
how tx flea tapeworm infection (*)
praziquantel BUT need 2 doses (2-3wk apart)b/c of risk of reinfection dt fleas, despite praziq being adulticide + advantage
fleas transmit:
- Dipylidium caninum
- Dipetylonema
- Hemobartonella
- Bartonella henselae
- Ricketssia felis
Preventative flea products
- lufenuron
- methoprene
- spinosad* (adulticide too)
Flea adulticides
- nitanpyran- Capstar
- imidicloprid- Advantage
- spinosad-Comfortis *both adults and immatures
“Nit Im Spin”
2 possibilities
taenia or echinoccus
only drug type that’s adulticidal?
cestode/tape worm infections
only thing to tx taenia or echinoccocus
Praziquantel
if you see coccidia or giardia on fecal float- treat?
only if clinically diseased
2 coccidiocides=
sulfas
amprolium
2 eggs in urine?
- capillaria
- giant kid worm (dioctiphyum renale)
treatment of D. renale?
only surgical
generalized itchy dog ddx:
- demodex
- sarcoptes
- fleas
- lice
if demodex- diagnose how
deep skin scrape at edge of lesion OR trichogram
treatment of choice for demodex?
amitraz- only drug licenced for use
which choice commonly used to treat demodex:
ivermectin
spp and diagnosed how
Cheyetiella- scotch tape
is cheyleetiella zoonotic?
YES!
“thumb print” mite
Notoedres felis- in cats and zoonotic!
most common flea on cats AND dogs
Ctenocephalides felis
larvae in poop are only from parasites who live where
in lungs
cat 3 lung worm-
paragonimuns
aelurostrongylus
capillarius
test to request for larvae?
baerman
If see eosinophils on BAL- how many tests do you request?*
2- Baerman and fecal float
cat with cystic structures in lungs=
paragonimus- via eating cray fish
in cat
Paragonimus- lung fluke
toxocara canis and felis in humans:
VLM and OLM
Cutaneous larval migrans-
hookworms
cause of neurolarval migrans-
Baylisascaris
routes of infection of toxocara felis
3- transmam, ingest of eggs, ingestion of PH
no transplacental
http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/122/flashcards/2930122/jpg/taenia_tape_worm-1424871EA6863F6DFF4.jpg
Taenia tape worm- square segments (cat eats rodents)
http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/122/flashcards/2930122/jpg/dipylidium_tape_worm-14248726F0B1D7D6481.jpg
Dipylidium tape worm- round sections
cat eats flea
drug of choice for giardia:
fenbendazole
metranidazole
wet mount of cat
Tritrichomonas fetus
drug to tx tritrich?
no- Ronitozole helps control clinical infection but won’t get rid of it- no other drugs work
cuterebra in cats vs dogs
migrates to CNS
pulmonary artery- worm=
heart worm- Dirofilarius immitus
when need preventative for puppies and heartworm in yr round areas?
by 4-5wks so vaccinate by 10wks (b/c 6wk residual effect of drugs)
what 2 ML are safe for heartworm + dogs and which can kill them?
Revolution (selemectin)
Adv. multi (moxidectin)
Milbemycin- KILL “Mil will Kill”- (Interceptor)
which lifecyle stage are all hrt worm preventatives licenced for
L3
if Snap test + for heart worm- do what?
- retest SNAP test within few days
- if weak + then do a Knotts microfilaria test BUT 1/4 + dogs don’t have + microfilariae
what do you do if dog is clinically ok and have a neg knotts test
suggest retesting in 6months- have on preventative safe for + dogs (Revolution or Adv. Multi)
heart worm in cats rx?
symptomatically or surgical
is heartworm zoonotic?
yes
Dirofilarius immitus larvae looks like-
anterior end tapers, other doesn’t
foot lesions on feet- where socks stop
flea bite
skin rash- 2 causes and Rx
sarcoptes, chyletiella
infection in late summer, cats with neuro signs
cuterebra or heart worm
Dx and Rx for cuterebra
response to tx: ivermect + pred
if tx giardia with fenbend or metro and still infected with diarhhea, do what
bathe on first adn last day so not reinfected to remove cysts
if kid eats giardia poop, will get sick?
not nec- only 2/4 zoonotic
deworming puppies: 2 NMA drugs
- pyrantel- R, H (on food)
2. fenbend-R, H, Taenia daily for 3 days, then repeat 2-3wks later
