export_final exam dx pathclin path i

Question 1

analytical properties of assay:

Answer 1

precision

accuracy

spec

sens

detection limit

Question 2

analytical precision=

Answer 2

reproducibility or coefficient of variation

Question 3

higher CV the ___ precision

Answer 3

lower precision

Question 4

accuracy= and how determined

Answer 4

how close to true value; via reference method

Question 5

analytical spec is diff from diagnostic specificity b/c:

Answer 5

it’s the ablitliy of assay to detect ONLY the subt of interest (analyte)= freedom from interfering substances

Question 6

analyte sens=

Answer 6

ability to produce a change in signal

Question 7

which assay more sens:

1. 50 vs 51mg/dL
2. 5000vs 5100

Answer 7

50 b/c picks up change in less

Question 8

3 comp. of QA

Answer 8

1. internal- daily QC
2. external- proficiency
3. SOPs

Question 9

how submit fluids:

Answer 9

1. 2 direct air dried smears
2. EDTA for cell morph, count and protein
3. RTT if bacterial culture

Question 10

3 basic choices when looking at cytology

Answer 10

1. expected cell types: N, hyper, dysplasia
2. inflamm- what type
3. neoplastic- epith, mesenchymal, round cell

Question 11

degen neutrophils:

Answer 11

large nucleus, basophilic staining

Question 12

granulomatous inflammation RO

Answer 12

Fb, mycobact, granuloma

Question 13

cells in clusters or sheets

distinct intact cyto borders

cells round-polygonal and round to oval nuclei

Answer 13

epithelial tumors

Question 14

exfoliated cells in low numbers*

elongated and round to oval nuclei

cytoplasmic borders indistinct*

Answer 14

stromal tumors

Question 15

transudates (low cells, low protein) think

Answer 15

heart failure

liver failure, etc

Question 16

inflamm exudate

Answer 16

supp, granul, or eosinophilic

Question 17

milky body fluid with small lymphocytes- additional test

Answer 17

triglycerides= chylous effusion

Question 18

confirm bile perotinitis with what test?

Answer 18

bilirubin and creatinine

Question 19

types of Dx test for infectious agents

Answer 19

ELISA

Serology

FA/IHC

Necropsy/Histo

PCR

Question 20

describe how VN works

Answer 20

same amnt virus to each tube, serum added in increasing amounts; if ab present, virus neutralized and NO cytopath effect

-if no ab, cytopathic effect!

Question 21

seroconversion=

Answer 21

4 fold increase in acute and conv serum Ab titre (eg. 1:16- to 1:64 (12x4))

Question 22

optimal time to send for Ag vs Ab tests

Answer 22

Ag- within 7days post infection via RT-PCR usually

Ab- IgM- days-months vs IgG mo-yr

Question 23

swabs helpful when

Answer 23

body cavities

joints

meninges

Question 24

3 tips of sampling dx for mycoplasma

Answer 24

cool, moist, moving

Question 25

causes of low MCV (microcytosis)

Answer 25

iron def breeds (besenji)

Question 26

iron deficiency:

Answer 26

microcytic, hypochromic (lo MCHC)

Question 27

test to prove iron def:

Answer 27

- serum Fe conc. (decrease) | - OR TIBC (total iron binding conc)-should increase

Question 28

degree of anisocytosis= and causes:

Answer 28

RDW causes: regen, iron def, problem in RBC growth

Question 29

when is a rubricytosis appropriate?

Answer 29

proportional to regeneration

Question 30

when is rubricytosis not appropriate?

Answer 30

if no anemia, no polychromasia

Question 31

causes of inapprop rubricytosis:

Answer 31

- extramed hematopoeisis - reduced splenic fxn - BM injury (sepsis, hyperthermia) - acute lead toxicity

Question 32

when corrected WBC count?

Answer 32

nRBC>10%

Question 33

nipples on RBC adn causes:

Answer 33

Heinz bodies: -oxid damage of Hg (onion, acetominophen, etc)

Question 34

blue dots on RBC with wright stain

Answer 34

Howell Jolly= DNA reminants b/c cells kicked out too early -intensely regen anemmia, chemo, immunosupp drugs, splenectomy

Question 35

who normally has a few HJ bodies?

Answer 35

cats, never dogs

Question 36

rbc with knobby arms

Answer 36

acanthocytes: liver, spleen, HSA

Question 37

spherocytes:

Answer 37

IMHA or immune complexes on RBC

Question 38

eccentrocytes:

Answer 38

same as Heinz bodies- oxidative damage to Hg- onion, garlic, acetominophen

Question 39

echinocytes- star shaped

Answer 39

artifact= crenation

Question 40

if see tiny blue dots in RBC of cat think*

Answer 40

mycoplasma (hemobart)

Question 41

mycoplasma in cats often related to: tx:

Answer 41

FeLV/FIV tx:doxycycline

Question 42

neutrophilia with:

Answer 42

1. inflammation 2. Steroids (stress leuk) 3. phsyiologic (catechol) 4. paraneoplastic 5. chronic neutrotrophic leukemia

Question 43

Neutropenia:

Answer 43

1. inflam: acute GI, salmonellosis, perotinitis 2. Granulocytic hypoplasia (toxins, parvo, estrogen, chemo) 3. BM necrosis, fibrosis 4. Immune destruction 5. Cyclic hemopoiesis- grey collies* 6. Drugs

Question 44

drugs which = neutropenia:

Answer 44

TMS, Phenobarn Methimazole

Question 45

eg. of toxic change that's not infectious

Answer 45

IMHA!

Question 46

toxic changes occur how

Answer 46

when maturation time is shortened b/c intensely granulopoiesis stimulant

Question 47

toxic changes in vasculature:

Answer 47

1. basophilia 2. vacuolization 3. Dohle bodies (agg ribosomes) 4. toxic granulation

Question 48

these 2 toxic changes in segs can only be see in cats:

Answer 48

giant neutrophils & ring formed nuclei

Question 49

lymphocytosis:

Answer 49

- chronic inflammation, some viral (EIAV) - post vaccination - phsyiologic shift (catecholamines - lymphoprolif dz: FeLV, lymphoma - hypoadrenocortisism

Question 50

lymphopenia

Answer 50

- steroids - acute viral- parvo - immunosup drugs - depletion- lymphoid effusions

Question 51

eosinophilia

Answer 51

- HS-allergies - parasites - paraneoplastic (MCT) - idiopathic (PIE) - eosinophilic leukemia

Question 52

monocytosis:

Answer 52

- inflamm - cortisol response - monocytic leukemia - cyclic hemopoiesis of grey collies

Question 53

increase in MPV?

Answer 53

- upreg thrombopoiesis | - Cavalier King Charles

Question 54

thrombocytosis: list

Answer 54

1. splenic contraction= reactive via epinephrine, exercise 2. inflammation 3. iron def 4. post-splenectomy 5. vinca alkaloids