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OSCEs > export_final exam dx pathclin path i > Flashcards

export_final exam dx pathclin path i Flashcards

1
Q

analytical properties of assay:

A

precision

accuracy

spec

sens

detection limit

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2
Q

analytical precision=

A

reproducibility or coefficient of variation

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3
Q

higher CV the ___ precision

A

lower precision

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4
Q

accuracy= and how determined

A

how close to true value; via reference method

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5
Q

analytical spec is diff from diagnostic specificity b/c:

A

it’s the ablitliy of assay to detect ONLY the subt of interest (analyte)= freedom from interfering substances

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6
Q

analyte sens=

A

ability to produce a change in signal

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7
Q

which assay more sens:

  1. 50 vs 51mg/dL
  2. 5000vs 5100
A

50 b/c picks up change in less

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8
Q

3 comp. of QA

A
  1. internal- daily QC
  2. external- proficiency
  3. SOPs
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9
Q

how submit fluids:

A
  1. 2 direct air dried smears
  2. EDTA for cell morph, count and protein
  3. RTT if bacterial culture
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10
Q

3 basic choices when looking at cytology

A
  1. expected cell types: N, hyper, dysplasia
  2. inflamm- what type
  3. neoplastic- epith, mesenchymal, round cell
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11
Q

degen neutrophils:

A

large nucleus, basophilic staining

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12
Q

granulomatous inflammation RO

A

Fb, mycobact, granuloma

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13
Q

cells in clusters or sheets

distinct intact cyto borders

cells round-polygonal and round to oval nuclei

A

epithelial tumors

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14
Q

exfoliated cells in low numbers*

elongated and round to oval nuclei

cytoplasmic borders indistinct*

A

stromal tumors

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15
Q

transudates (low cells, low protein) think

A

heart failure

liver failure, etc

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16
Q

inflamm exudate

A

supp, granul, or eosinophilic

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17
Q

milky body fluid with small lymphocytes- additional test

A

triglycerides= chylous effusion

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18
Q

confirm bile perotinitis with what test?

A

bilirubin and creatinine

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19
Q

types of Dx test for infectious agents

A

ELISA

Serology

FA/IHC

Necropsy/Histo

PCR

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20
Q

describe how VN works

A

same amnt virus to each tube, serum added in increasing amounts; if ab present, virus neutralized and NO cytopath effect

-if no ab, cytopathic effect!

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21
Q

seroconversion=

A

4 fold increase in acute and conv serum Ab titre (eg. 1:16- to 1:64 (12x4))

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22
Q

optimal time to send for Ag vs Ab tests

A

Ag- within 7days post infection via RT-PCR usually

Ab- IgM- days-months vs IgG mo-yr

23
Q

swabs helpful when

A

body cavities

joints

meninges

24
Q

3 tips of sampling dx for mycoplasma

A

cool, moist, moving

25
Q

causes of low MCV (microcytosis)

A

iron def

breeds (besenji)

26
Q

iron deficiency:

A

microcytic, hypochromic (lo MCHC)

27
Q

test to prove iron def:

A
  • serum Fe conc. (decrease)

- OR TIBC (total iron binding conc)-should increase

28
Q

degree of anisocytosis= and causes:

A

RDW

causes: regen, iron def, problem in RBC growth

29
Q

when is a rubricytosis appropriate?

A

proportional to regeneration

30
Q

when is rubricytosis not appropriate?

A

if no anemia, no polychromasia

31
Q

causes of inapprop rubricytosis:

A
  • extramed hematopoeisis
  • reduced splenic fxn
  • BM injury (sepsis, hyperthermia)
  • acute lead toxicity
32
Q

when corrected WBC count?

A

nRBC>10%

33
Q

nipples on RBC adn causes:

A

Heinz bodies:

-oxid damage of Hg (onion, acetominophen, etc)

34
Q

blue dots on RBC with wright stain

A

Howell Jolly= DNA reminants b/c cells kicked out too early

-intensely regen anemmia, chemo, immunosupp drugs, splenectomy

35
Q

who normally has a few HJ bodies?

A

cats, never dogs

36
Q

rbc with knobby arms

A

acanthocytes: liver, spleen, HSA

37
Q

spherocytes:

A

IMHA or immune complexes on RBC

38
Q

eccentrocytes:

A

same as Heinz bodies- oxidative damage to Hg- onion, garlic, acetominophen

39
Q

echinocytes- star shaped

A

artifact= crenation

40
Q

if see tiny blue dots in RBC of cat think*

A

mycoplasma (hemobart)

41
Q

mycoplasma in cats often related to:

tx:

A

FeLV/FIV

tx:doxycycline

42
Q

neutrophilia with:

A
  1. inflammation
  2. Steroids (stress leuk)
  3. phsyiologic (catechol)
  4. paraneoplastic
  5. chronic neutrotrophic leukemia
43
Q

Neutropenia:

A
  1. inflam: acute GI, salmonellosis, perotinitis
  2. Granulocytic hypoplasia (toxins, parvo, estrogen, chemo)
  3. BM necrosis, fibrosis
  4. Immune destruction
  5. Cyclic hemopoiesis- grey collies*
  6. Drugs
44
Q

drugs which = neutropenia:

A

TMS, Phenobarn

Methimazole

45
Q

eg. of toxic change that’s not infectious

A

IMHA!

46
Q

toxic changes occur how

A

when maturation time is shortened b/c intensely granulopoiesis stimulant

47
Q

toxic changes in vasculature:

A
  1. basophilia
  2. vacuolization
  3. Dohle bodies (agg ribosomes)
  4. toxic granulation
48
Q

these 2 toxic changes in segs can only be see in cats:

A

giant neutrophils & ring formed nuclei

49
Q

lymphocytosis:

A
  • chronic inflammation, some viral (EIAV)
  • post vaccination
  • phsyiologic shift (catecholamines
  • lymphoprolif dz: FeLV, lymphoma
  • hypoadrenocortisism
50
Q

lymphopenia

A
  • steroids
  • acute viral- parvo
  • immunosup drugs
  • depletion- lymphoid effusions
51
Q

eosinophilia

A
  • HS-allergies
  • parasites
  • paraneoplastic (MCT)
  • idiopathic (PIE)
  • eosinophilic leukemia
52
Q

monocytosis:

A
  • inflamm
  • cortisol response
  • monocytic leukemia
  • cyclic hemopoiesis of grey collies
53
Q

increase in MPV?

A
  • upreg thrombopoiesis

- Cavalier King Charles

54
Q

thrombocytosis: list

A
  1. splenic contraction= reactive via epinephrine, exercise
  2. inflammation
  3. iron def
  4. post-splenectomy
  5. vinca alkaloids

OSCEs (10 decks)

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