Anatomic Pathology - Swine cases Flashcards
This kidney is from a 2-day-old foal that died after a short course of depression, weakness, and hypothermia. a. Describe the gross lesions.
multifocal white pinpoint lesions throughout
likely cause of multifocal white lesions throughout kidney in 2-day old foal
indicate speticemia: -Actinobacillus equuli (white lesions are mass of bacteria)
18-month-old filly with an acute onset of edema of the limbs and head, fever, and depression.
There are petechial hemorrhages on the serosal surface of the intestine and in the subcutis.
Describe two distinct pathogeneses for these lesions, and the causes of each.
- thrombocytopenia dt DIC, BM dz, or ITP
2. Vascular injury resulting from EVA or PH (Ag-Ab complexes from Strep equi)
Lung from a 5-month-fold foal with an acute onset of dyspnea and fever. The second photo is a cross-section of the cranioventral lung.
a. Describe the gross lesions.
Lesions affect the cranioventral 50 percent of the lung. the lung is consolidated and reddened, and the cut section reveals numerous coalescing focal lesions up to 1-cm-diameter, which are white and caseating
most likely cause of CV pneumonia in 5month old foal
R equi
how confirm dx of R equi
bact culture, histo of tissue, or cyto of impression smear
R equi can cause other lesions:
- colonic lesions accompanied by granulomatous lymphadenitis with foci of necrosis
- polyarthritis (septic or non-septic)
Blood fills the pericardial sac in this case and track along the soft tissues adjacent to the aorta. What are the causes of hemopericardium in any species, and in racing horses in particular?
racing: ruptured aorta b/c high P during exercise
or: truama or penetrating injury, ruptured HSA (dogs), idiopathic chronic hemopericardium (dogs)
What are other common causes of sudden death in horses?
- extensive intrapulm hemorrhage
- arrythmia
- lightning strike
- anaphylaxis, elctrocutioan, gunshot, drowning, intestinal accidend, botulism, speticemia, heat stroke, toxicity
do most toxins= sudden death?
no except jap yew, organophos, cardiac glycosides
can rely on singed hair for lightning strikes?
no
common causes of non-infect EQ abortion:
twins, torsion of umb cord, placental insuff, body pregnancy, premature placental sep, malformation
infectious causes of equine abortion
EHV-1 common
Lepto, EVA not common
what lesions present
liver contains multiple pinpoint white areas of necrosis.
if have multifocal liver necrosis adn lungs are diffusely rubbery and firm with 1-3mm foci in EQ-
dx and confirm:
EHV-1
confirm with histo- intranuclear inclusion bodies
can vaccinated mares still abort with EHV-1?
yes, reduces P but doesn’t eliminate it
if see green area in medulla of kidney of EQ think:
NSAID toxicity
why NSAID tox in medulla?
prostaglandins import in mnting renal medullary blood flow adn NSAID inhibit cyclooxygenase
other manifestations of NSAID tox in horseL
- right dorsal colon lesions
- fundic stomach ulcers
Lung from a 4-month-old foal that was found dead one morning.
a. Describe the gross lesions.
lungs are diffusely firm adn rubbery on palpation with patchy discoloration throughout lung
most likely diagnosis
bronchointerstitial pneumonia- dx confirmed with histo
EHV-1, hyaline membrane dz, and septicemia will look same
cause of bronchointerstitial pneumonia in foals?
unknown- may have concurrent R. equi infection either dt bact inciting inflammation or the erythromycin to tx R equi causing hyperthermia= interstiail pneumonia
list causes of diarrhea in 4day old piglets
E. coli
TGE
rotavirus
coccidiosis
clostridium perfringens type C (but would be hemorrhagic)
submit which piglets with diarrhea?
live piglet earliest in dz b/c villus autolyze rapidly after death
if euthanize live animal- this is critical
fix intestinal tissues in formalin in 10min
samples to submit with neonatal d in pigless
- multi SI and colon in formalin
- culture colon for e. coli
- 3 tied loops of SI for TGE ELISA and rotavirus latex agglutination
- tied loop of SI for parasit to id coccidia
if see patchy reddening of fundic mucosa & watery diarrhea in 4wk old pig- ro
gastric venous infarcts dt endotoxemia for E. coli enteritis
endotoxemia from E. coli leads to:
thrombosis of gastric mucosal blood vessles and gastric venous infarction
!!
tonsillar necrosis= classical swine fever and pseudorabies
what if tonsilar abscess?
strep suis
submit what samples for pseudorabies nad classic swine fever?
contact CFIA- don’t submit anything on own
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pleura covered by fibrin with black area in cranial part of caudal lung- cuts crispy and has focal areas of necrosis
Dx- Actinobacillus pleuopneu
how confirm APP?
histo suggestive but culture definitive
+ edematous lungs and pericardial sac fluid filled with fibrin
mulberry heart disease- RO septicemia though with culture
mulberry heart dz dt
Vit E deficiency
fibrinopurulent polyserositis (pleuritis, pericarditis, meningitis) most likely causes (2 friends)
Strep suis, Haemophilus parasuis
severely dehydrated piglets get this
urate deposition on kidneys
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urate precipitation
most likely
Mycoplasma hyopneumonia= cranioventral bacterial bronchopneumonia
list 4 import (primary) causes of pneumonia in swine:
M. hyo
Porcine circo virus
Swine influ
APP
PRRS
bact in pig pneumonia:
opportunistic secondary invaders
list vesicular dz’s in pigs
FMD*
Swine vesicular dz
Vesicular stomatitis
Vesicular exanthema
pigs and FMD:
“amplifier”= excrete lrg amnt of virus so dev severe lameness
(vs. sheep who have no signs)
how confirm Lawsonia in GF
histo
acute death dt hemorrhage in ileum ddx
Lawsonia (*)
gastric ulcer
mesenteric ulcer
these are RO with endocarditis in pigs:
Strep suis
Staphylococcus
Erysipelas
(these cause bacteremia)
what lesions expect to find with L-AV valve endocarditis (3)
- pulm edema, left atrial dilatation and left heart failure
- fibrinopurulent polyarthritis
- renal infarcts dt embolism
fibrinous, necrotizing, and hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia affecting the cranial part of the caudal lobe is characteristic of “contagious pleuropneumonia”
APP
APP similar to ___ in cattle but different how
Manheimia, only difference is affects caudal lung lobe in pigs
how defin dx APP and where take samples
culture: black areas &
margin of N-AbN
