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Chem/Phys > Phases and Phase Changes > Flashcards

Phases and Phase Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

Solids

A

Fixed shape and volume. Particles do not flow and move past one another.

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2
Q

Amorphous solids

A

No order to their particles. Stop, but are not as rigid as crystalline solids
EX) glass, rubbers and plastics

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3
Q

Crystalline solids

A

Packed in an ordered manner with a pattern

EX) salt

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4
Q

4 types of Crystalline solids

A

Ionic, molecular, covalent network, and metallic solids

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5
Q

Ionic solids

A

Made up of ionic compounds like sodium chloride. The particles are ordered to encourage electrostatic reactions

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6
Q

Molecular solids

A

molecules held together by non-ionic intermolecular forces

EX) ice

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7
Q

Covalent network solids

A

Held together by covalent bonds

EX) diamond

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8
Q

Metallic solids

A

metal atoms held together by metallic bonds. The delocalized valence electrons in metallic solids are what allow metals to conduct heat
EX) gold

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9
Q

Liquids

A

Have no fixed shape, are hard to compress, and flow readily

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10
Q

Viscosity

A

The resistance of liquid to flow

EX) honey

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11
Q

Surface tension

A

amount of energy needed to increase the surface area of a liquid. Created by intermolecular forces.

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12
Q

Adhesive forces

A

the attraction of molecules of two different substances. cohesive and adhesive forces act together to produce capillary action (movement of liquid against force of gravity against side of a glass)

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13
Q

Gases

A

No fixed shape, flow readily, are compressible and expandable

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14
Q

Pressure equation and units

A

P=Force/ Area

Pascal (N/m^2)

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15
Q

The process of a solid transforming into a liquid

A

Fussion or melting

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16
Q

The process of a liquid transforming into a gas

A

Vaporization

17
Q

The process of a gas transforming into a liquid

A

Condensation

18
Q

The process of a liquid transforming into a solid

A

Freezing

19
Q

The process of a solid transforming into a gas

A

Sublimation

20
Q

The process of a gas transforming into a solid

A

Deposition

21
Q

Gibbs Free Energy, how to tell when its spon or non-spon

A

G > 0 = non-spon

G < 0 = spon

22
Q

Gibbs free energy equation

A

G= H - TS
H=enthalpy
T= temperature
S= entropy

23
Q

How is enthalpy and entropy changed when turning a solid into a liquid or liquid into gas?

A

Add heat, +H

+S

24
Q

Is an increase or decrease in entropy (S) and enthalpy (H) thermodynamically favored?

A

Increase S because it contributes to a more negative G

Decrease H

25
Q

Are high or low temps favored for turning a solid into a liquid or liquid into gas?

A

high

low for vise versa

26
Q

Phase Diagram

A

Look one up and talk about relation between phases

Chem/Phys (39 decks)

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