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Chem/Phys > Non-enzymatic Protein Function (5/15) > Flashcards

Non-enzymatic Protein Function (5/15) Flashcards

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1
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

Shape and structure
Motion
Cell division
Organelle and biomolecule transport

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2
Q

Actin

A

forms the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton and is very abundent

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3
Q

Actin in microfilaments: function

A

motion
structure
cell division
muscle contraction

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4
Q

Individual actin monomers

A

G-actin because they have a globular shape and posses a site where ATP or ADP can bind

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5
Q

When a ton of G-actin bind together…

A

It forms F-actin which stands are filamentous actin and two of these stick together to form a microfilament

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6
Q

Rapid growth and disassembly

A

when polymerization= depolymerization, we have tread-milling and when we want to stop, we have capping proteins

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7
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

a long alpha-helical section

very flexible: can be stretched

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8
Q

Where are intermediate filaments found?

A

in the cytoplam

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9
Q

What is the main function of intermediate filaments?

A

structural support
cell adhesion
organelle positioning

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10
Q

Microtubules

A

structural support for cilia and eukaryotic flagella
chromosome separation during mitosis and meiosis
intracellular transport

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11
Q

Subunit of microtubules

A

tubulin dimer consisting of an alpha-tubulin and a beta-tubulin
bring GTP or GDP

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12
Q

Motor protein functions

A

transport
motility
muscle contraction

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13
Q

Kinesins

A

ATP-ases

consumes energy from ATP hydrolysis

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14
Q

Direction of kinesins

A

move to + end of microtubules which is to the periphery and this is called anterograde transport

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15
Q

Make up of kinesins

A

heterotretramers
made of of 4 subunits that are not all the same
2 subunits: heavy chains, with two head groups that are the feet
2 other subunits: light chains

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16
Q

How kinesins move

A

ATP binds head to the microtubule causing a conformational change and swing with other head bound to ADP forward (ADP has head be detacted)

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17
Q

Direction of dyneins

A

move to the cell center to the minus end and is called retrograde transport

18
Q

Axonemal dyneins

A

found in cells with only cilia or flagellum

19
Q

Cytoplasm dyneins

A

transport cargo for cell function

20
Q

Myosins

A

ATP-ases

main job: muscle contraction

21
Q

What myosins are composed of

A

head, neck, and tail domains

22
Q

Cell adhesion molecules types

A

selectins, cadherins, integrins

23
Q

Selectins

A

mediated inflammatory cells: platelets and endothelial cells

24
Q

How selectins works

A

cytokines express selectins. luekocytes stick to selectins to slow them down and do reaction
Heterophilic and Ca2+ dependent

25
Q

Cadherins

A

cell growth and development

calcium ions, span entire cell membrane, transmembrane

26
Q

Integrins

A

adheres to extracellular matrix and cell signaling
location: cell membrane
Action: binds ligands and cations

27
Q

Cell junctions

A

anchoring junctions
gap junctions
tight junctions

28
Q

Anchoring junctions

A

connect cytoskeleton of one cell with the cytoskeleton of another or extracellular matrix

29
Q

Adherens junction and desmosomes

A

types of anchoring junctions

30
Q

Gap junctions

A

connexin which links the cytosol of neighboring cells. facilitates cell-to-cell communication

31
Q

What can pass through gap junctions?

A

amino acids, vitamins, sugars, nucleotides, Ca2+, and cAMP

32
Q

Tight junctions

A

in epithelial cells and do not allow anything but water and some ions
contain occludin and claudin
EX) blood brain barrier

33
Q

Regions of an antibody

A

constant region, variable regions, and hypervariable regions (where antigens bind)

34
Q

Isotypes of antibodies

A

different kinds of antibodies

35
Q

IgA

A

in gut, blocks pathogens and respiratory tract

36
Q

IgD

A

b cells

37
Q

IgE

A

allergic and anti-parasitic immunity

38
Q

IgM

A

early response

39
Q

IgG

A

eliminates bacterial and viral pathogens (most common)- only ones to cross placental membrane

40
Q

Class switching

A

b-cells and change isotypes by changing heavy change but keeping hypervariable region

Chem/Phys (39 decks)

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