Alcohols and Phenols Flashcards

1
Q

What are alcohols?

A

They are organic molecules that contain the functional group OH

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2
Q

Suffix

A

Usually “-ol” unless there are higher priority functional groups like amines or aldehydes. Then we use the prefix “hydroxy-“

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3
Q

Melting and boiling point

A

both high because of the hydrogen bonding. this increases with additional hydroxyl groups (OH groups)

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4
Q

Are alcohols strongly or weakly acidic?

A

weakly with pKa of 15-17 (weaker than water)

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5
Q

How can an acid be made stronger?

A

by adding electron-withdrawing substituents

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6
Q

How can an acid be made weaker?

A

by adding electron-donating substituents

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7
Q

What is the conjugate base of an alcohol called?

A

Alkoxide

weaker acid = stronger conjugate base

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8
Q

How to turn an alcohol into a ketone

A

add an oxidant

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9
Q

How to turn an alcohol into an aldehyde

A

add an oxidant

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10
Q

How to turn an alcohol into an ether

A

add an alkyl halide or acid or base

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11
Q

Oxidation

A

increase in the number of bonds to electronegative element or decrease in number of bonds to hydrogen

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12
Q

Reduction

A

decrease in the number of bonds to electronegative element or increase in number of bonds to hydrogen

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13
Q

Oxidation of alcohol

A
Primary alcohol (OH goes to aldehyde or carboxylic acid)
secondary alcohol (OH to ketone)
tertiary alcohol (cannot go further)
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14
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

PCC

turning hydroxyls into carbonyls (is not strong enough to go to carboxylic acid)

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15
Q

Oxidizing agent that is strong

A

Na2Cr2O7 (sodium dichromate), potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide (CrO3)
-metal and several oxygens

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16
Q

Protecting groups

A

stop the alcohol from being so reactive

EX) silyl ethers, mesylate, tosylate

17
Q

Phenol

A

Hydroxyl group added to an aromatic benzene ring

18
Q

Are phenols or alcohols more acidic?

A

phenols because of their ring (pKa of 10)