Hydrocarbon compounds Flashcards
Hydrocarbon compounds
Composed of just hydrogen and carbon
Alkanes
Contains a single bond
saturated
What is the suffix of alkane?
-ane
What are the prefixes of alkanes?
meth eth prop but pent hex hept oct non dec
Isopropyl
A 3 carbon alkyl substituent attached to a molecule
Sec-butyl
A 4 carbon group attached by 2nd carbon
isobutyl
3 carbon attached to a carbon then another, then branches
4 carbons with 3 methyl groups attached to a central carbon
What are the least to most stable cycloalkanes?
cyclopropane
Are the melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons low or high?
Low because the bonds between hydrogen and carbon are not polar
(branched is lower because they do not stack well)
What bonds hold hydrocarbons?
London dispersion forces (weak)
Alkyl halides
Contain at least one halogen substituent and are very reactive because halogens are a great leaving group
Alkenes
At least one double bonds
suffix: -ene
Alkynes
Have at least one triple bond
suffix: -yne
Conjugated system
More stable
