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Head and Neck > Pharynx, Head and Neck Lymphatics > Flashcards

Pharynx, Head and Neck Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the Pharynx

A

Anterior:

  • Nasal Cavity
  • Oral Cavity
  • Larynx

Superior:
-Cranial base posterior to the nasal cavity

Inferior:
-Continuous with oesophagus at C6 (inf. border of cricoid)

Posterior:
-Buccopharangeal fascia

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2
Q

where is the pharynx widest and narrowest?

A

Widest:
-Opposite hyoid bone (5cm)

Narrowest:
-Pharynogoesophageal junction (1.5cm)

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the Nasopharynx

A

Anterior:

  • Choanae
  • Soft Palate

Posterior:

  • Basilar part of the occipital bone
  • Body of C1 vertebrae

Roof:
-Sphenoid bone

Inferior:
-Soft palate (continous with oropharynx)

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4
Q

What are the contents of the Nasopharynx

A
  • Tonsils (Pharyngeal and Tubal)
  • Opening of pharyngotympanic tube
  • Torus Tubarius (fold-like posterior to pharyngotympanic opening)
  • Salingopharyngeal fold (with salingopharyngeal muscle)
  • Pharyngeal recess
  • Levator veli palatini

Take out the stinking plates. Levi!

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx

A

Superior:

  • Soft Palate
  • Uvula

Inferior:

  • Base of tongue
  • Superior border of epiglottis

Posterior:

  • Pharyngobasilar fascia (over Palatopharyngeus and Superior Constrictor)
  • Body of C2

Lateral:
-Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal Arches

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6
Q

What is the content of the Oropharynx

A
  • Palatine Tonsils (In Tonsilar Bed, In Tonsillar Fossa, in Palatine Arch)
  • Lingual Tonsils
  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Thin sheet of pharyngobasilar fascia
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7
Q

What makes up the Pharyngeal Lymphatic Ring

A

Superior:
Adenoid (pharyngeal) tonsils

Lateral:
Tubal Tonsils (two, more superior)
Palatine Tonsils (two, more inferior)

Inferior:
Lingual Tonsil

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the Laryngopharynx

A

Superior:

  • -Superior border of the epiglottis
  • -Pharyngoepiglottic Folds

Inferior:
–Inferior border of the Cricoid Cartilage

Anterior:
–Larynx

Posterior:

  • -Pharyngobasilar Fascia
  • -Middle and Inferior constrictors (over C4-C6)

Lateral:

  • -Pharyngobasilar fascia
  • -Middle and Inferior constrictors
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9
Q

What is the innervation of the superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

CN X (vagus) from Pharyngeal Plexus

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the middle pharyngeal constrictor

A

CN X (vagus) from Pharyngeal plexus

Branches of:

  • External Laryngeal N
  • Recurrent Laryngeal N
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11
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A

CN X (vagus) from Pharyngeal Plexus

Branches of:

  • External Laryngeal N
  • Recurrent Laryngeal N
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12
Q

What is the innervation of the Palatopharyngeus

A

CN X (vagus) from Pharyngeal Plexus

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the Salpingopharyngeus

A

CN X (vagus) from Pharyngeal Plexus

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the Stylopharyngeus

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

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15
Q

Which muscles elevate the Pharynx and Larynx during swallowing and speaking

A

Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus

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16
Q

What passes through the gap between the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor and the Cranium

A

Levator Veli Palatini
Pharynogtympanic Tube
Ascending Palatine Artery

17
Q

What passes through the gap between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors

A

Stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)
Stylohyoid Ligament

18
Q

What passes through the gap between the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

A

Internal Laryngeal N
Superior laryngeal A
Superior Laryngeal V

19
Q

What passes through the gap inferior to the Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N
Inferior Laryngeal A
Inferior Laryngeal V

20
Q

Explain the venous drainage of the Pharynx

A

Into plexus around Posterior Wall (communicates with pterygoid venous plexus via Pterygoid Canal)

Into Thyroid Veins —> IJV

21
Q

What makes up the Pharangeal Plexus

A 
CN IX (Glossopharangeal)
CN X (Vagus)
Sympathetics
22
Q

In the Pharynx, what does the Vagus Nerve Innervate

A

All muscles
Except:
-Tensor Veli Palatini - CN V3
-Stylopharyngeus - CN IX

Soft Palate

23
Q

In the Pharynx, what does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve innervate

A

Entire sensory innervation except:
-Ant. and Sup. Nasopharynx - (Pharyngeal N. of CN V2)

Parasympathetic afferents from mucosa

24
Q

What do the Occipital LNs drain?

A

Posterior Scalp

25
Q

What do the Posterior Auricular (Mastoid) LNs drain?

A

Middle Scalp and Posterior Auricle

26
Q

What do the Pre-auricular (Parotid) LNs drain?

A 
Parotid Gland
Temporal fossa
Anterior Auricle
Upper Face
Orbit

Please take all uneaten oranges

27
Q

What do the Submandibular LNs drain?

A 
Palate
Tongue
Pharynx
Nose
Submandibular Gland
Submandibular Triangle (skin of)

Please take pizza. Nadia starves stubbornly.

28
Q

What do the Submental LNs drain?

A

Central Lower Lip
Chin
Tip of Tongue
Submental Triangle (Skin of)

29
Q

What do the Superficial Cervical LNs drain?

A

Cervical Skin
Auricle
Parotid Region (skin of)

30
Q

What are the veins that each superficial group of LNs in the head and neck accompany?

A

Occipital LN - Occipital V

Posterior Auricular (Mastoid) LN - Posterior Auricular V

Pre-auricular (parotid) LN - Superficial Temporal V

Submandibular LN:

  • Pterygoid Plexus
  • Maxillary A
  • Facial V
  • Lingual V

Submental LN - Mental and Submental Vv.

Superficial Cervical LN - Tributaries of EJV

—-Open Peoples Post Shouting “someone’s sexy”—-

31
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the deep structures of the neck

A

TO SUPERIOR DEEP LN (Jugulodigastric and Sup. Deep Cervical):
Retropharyngeal
Pretracheal

TO INFERIOR DEEP LN (Juguloomohyoid and Inf. Deep Cervical):
Paratracheal

32
Q

What do the superficial LN drain into

A

Superficial LN including

  • Occipital
  • Posterior Auricular/Mastoid
  • Pre-auricular/Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Submental
  • Buccal
  • Superficial Cervical

DRAIN INTO THE DEEP CERVICAL LYMPH NODES

33
Q

What structures do the Retropharangeal LN drain

A

Nose
Pharynx
Palate

GOES TO THE SUPERIOR DEEP LN (Jugulodigastric and Sup. Deep Cervical)

34
Q

What structures do the Pretracheal LN drain

A

Larynx (superior to vocal folds)
Thyroid

GOES TO THE SUPERIOR DEEP LN (Jugulodigastric and Sup. Deep Cervical)

35
Q

What structures do the Paratracheal LN drain

A 
Structures in pretracheal fascia (and overlying skin)
Larynx (inferior to vocal folds)
Thyroid
Trachea
Esophagus

TO INFERIOR DEEP LN (Juguloomohyoid and Inf. Deep Cervical)

36
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the Tonsils

A

Tonsillar Lymphatic Vessels

THEN

Jugulodigastric Node

37
Q

Where does all lymph from the Head and Neck drain?

A

First, either:
-Sup. Deep Cervical LN
OR
-Inf. Deep Cervical LN

Then:
-Right Lymphatic Trunk
OR
-Thoracic Duct (on left)

Head and Neck (11 decks)

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