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Head and Neck > Muscles of mastication, Temperomandibular Joint, Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Muscles of mastication, Temperomandibular Joint, Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the classification of the Temperomandibular Joint? What makes it atypical?

A

Modified synovial hinge joint:

  • depression and elevation (hinge movements)
  • retraction and protraction (gliding movements)

It is atypical as it has no hyaline cartilage on the bony surfaces. Instead the bony articular surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage.

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2
Q

What are the bony articulations of the Temperomandibular Joint?

A
  • Mandibular Fossa of Temporal Bone
  • Condylar Process of Mandible
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3
Q

What are the attachments of the joint capsule of the Temperomandibular Joint?

A
  • Articular Tubercle
  • Mandibular Fossa
  • Neck of the Mandible
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4
Q

Where is the joint capsule of the Temperomandibular Joint loose and where is it tight?

A
  • Loose above articular disc
    • Allows protraction and retraction
  • Tight below articular disc
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5
Q

What does the thickened part of the Tempermandibular Joint Capsule form? What does it do?

A
  • Lateral (temporaomandibular) ligament
    • Prevents posterior dislocation
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6
Q

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the Temporomandibular Joint?

A

Stylomandibular Ligament

Sphenomandibular Ligament

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7
Q

Give the origin, attachment and function of the Stylomandibular Ligament.

A
  • Origin:
    • Styloid Process
    • Angle of the Mandible
  • Function:
    • Limited contribution to stability of the Mandible
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8
Q

Give the attachment and function of the Sphenomandibular Ligament.

A
  • Attachment:
    • Spine of the Sphenoid
    • Lingula of the Mandible
  • Function:
    • Primary passive support of the Mandible
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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the Temperomandibular Joint?

A

Superficial Temporal Artery

Superficial Temporal Vein

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10
Q

What is the innervation to the Temperomandibular Joint?

A
  • Auriculotemporal Nerve
  • Masseteric Branches of CN V3
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11
Q

What are the differences in function between the superior part of the Temporomandibular Joint and the inferior part?

A

Inferior = Allows for hinge movements

Superior = Allows for gliding

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12
Q

Which muscles enable elevation of the Temporomandibular Joint?

A

Temporalis

Masseter (superficial and deep heads)

Medial Pterygoid (superficial and deep heads)

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13
Q

Which muscles enable depression of the Temperomandibular Joint?

A

Suprahyoid Muscles

Infrahyoid Muscles

Lateral Pterygoid (Superior and Inferior Heads)

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14
Q

Which muscles enable protrusion of the Temporomandibular Joint?

A

Masseter (Superficial Fibres)

Lateral Pterygoid (Superior and Inferior Heads)

Medial Pterygoid (Superficial and Deep Heads)

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15
Q

Which muscles enable retraction of the Temporomandibular Joint?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Lateral Pterygoid
    • Superior head applies traction to the articular disk to prevent posterior movement
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16
Q

What is the innervation for the muscles of mastication?

A

Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Masseter Muscle?

A

Masseteric Branches of CN V3

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the Temporalis (Temporal) Muscle?

A

Deep Temporal Branches of CN V3

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?

A

Lateral Pterygoid Branches of CN V3

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A

Medial Pterygoid Branches of CN V3

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21
Q

Which ganglion does this nerve arise from?

A

Ophthalmic Branch (CN V1​) of Trigeminal Nerve

Arises from Cilliary Ganglion

Sensory Only

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22
Q
A
  • Maxillary Branch (CN V2) of Trigeminal Nerve
    • Sensory Only
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23
Q
A
  • Mandibular Branch (CN V3) of Trigeminal Nervee
    • Sensory and Motor
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24
Q

What is the ganglion of the Ophthalmic Branch?

A

Cilliary Ganglion

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25
What are the ganglia of the Maxillary Branch?
Pterygopalatine ganglion
26
What are the ganglia of the **Mandibular Branch**?
Otic ganglion Submandibular ganglion
27
What part of the face does the **Supraorbital Nerve** supply?
Forehead. It is a branch of the Frontal Nerve
28
What part of the face does the **Supratrochlear Nerve** supply?
Nose Bridge and Eyelids. It is a branch of the Frontal Nerve
29
What does the **Lacrimal Nerve** supply?
Lacrimal Gland
30
What part of the face does the **Nasociliary Nerve** supply?
Nasal Cavity and Septum Eye
31
What are the parts of the Oral Region
* Oral Cavity * Teeth * Gingivae * Tongue * Palate * Region of the palatine tonsils
32
What is the **Oral Cavity** divided into?
Oral Vestibule Oral Cavity Proper
33
What are the borders of the **Oral Vestibule**?
* Anterior * Lips * Oral Fissure * Lateral * Cheeks * Buccinator and Skin (External) * Mucosa (Internal) * Posterior and Medial * Upper and Lower Dental Arcades * Alveolar Bone
34
What are the borders of the **Oral Cavity Proper**?
* Lateral and Anterior * Upper and Lower Dental Arcades * Alveolar Bone * Roof: * Hard Palate * Soft Palate * Floor: * Myohyoid Muscle * Geniohyoid Muscles * Tongue * Posterior: * Oropharyngeal Isthmus * Oropharynx
35
How far does the **Oral Vestibule** extend?
* Laterally and Superiorly * Nasolabial Sulci * Nares * Inferiorly * Mentolabial Sulcus
36
Explain the structure of the lip part of the **Oral Vestibule**
* External * Skin * Muscles * Orbicularis Oris * Superior Labial Muscle * Inferior Labial Muscle * Internal (Intraoral / Vestibular) * Musosa
37
What arteries supply the lip part of the Oral Vestibule?
Superior Labial Branch of Facial Artery Inferior Labial Branch of Facial Artery
38
What is the innervation of the lip part of the **Oral Vestibule**
* Upper Lip: * Superior Labial Branch of Infra-Orbital Nerve (CN V2) * Lower Lip: * Inferior Labial Branch of the Mental Branch of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve (CN V3)
39
Explain the lymphatic drainage of the lip part of the **Oral Vestibule**
* Upper Lip * Submandibular Lymph Nodes * Lateral part of Lower Lip * Submandibular Lymph Nodes * Medial part of Lower Lip * Submental Lymph Nodes
40
Vestibule
41
Buccinator Muscle
42
Oral Fissure
43
Vermillion border of lip
44
Orbicularis Oris Muscle
45
Facial Artery
46
Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries
47
Philtrum
48
Orbicularis Oris Muscle
49
Artery and Vein
50
Labial Salivary Glands
51
Vermillion Borders
52
53
Explain the structure of the cheek part of the **Oral Vestibule**
* External * Skin * Muscles * Buccinator Muscle * Continuous with the _Superior Constrictor of the Oropharynx Posterior_ at the _Pterygomandibular Raphe_ * Internal (Intraoral / Vestibular) * Mucosa with imbedded Buccal Glands
54
Where does the blood supply of the cheek part of the **Oral Vestibule** come from?
Buccal Branch of Maxillary Artery
55
Explain the innervation of the cheek part of the **Oral Vestibule**
* Motor * Buccal Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII) * Sensory * Buccal Brach of Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)
56
Explain the structure of the gingivae part of the **Oral Vestibule**
* Fibrous tissue covered by muscous membrane * Gingiva Proper * Connected firmly to alveolar processes and necks of teeth * Pink, stippled, keratinizing * Alveolar mucosa * Unattached mucosa * Shiny, red, non-keratinizing
57
Briefly explain the general innervation of the gingivae part of the **Oral Vestibule**
* Upper Arch * Branches of the Maxillary Nerve (CN V2) * Lower Arch * Branch of the Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)
58
Nasopalatine Nerve (from V2)
59
Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (from V2​)
60
Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve (from V2​)
61
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (from V2​)
62
Greater Palatine Nerve (from V2​)
63
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (from V2​)
64
Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve (from V2​)
65
Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (from V2​)
66
Lingual Nerve (from V3​)
67
Buccal Nerve (from V3​)
68
Mental Nerve from Inferior Alveolar Nerve (from V3​)
69
Incisive Branch of Inferior Alveolar Nerve
70
Main Trunk of Inferior Alveolar Nerve (from V3​)
71
How many teeth are there in adults? In children?
32 in adults 20 in children
72
What is the blood supply of the **Upper Arcade** of teeth?
* Anterior Superior Alveolar Artery * From *Infra-orbital Branch of Maxillary Artery* within the *Pterygopalatine Fossa* * Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery * *Branch of the Maxillary Artery* as it enters *Pterygopalatine Fossa* **Venous drainage has same name and distribution as the arteries**
73
What is the blood supply of the **Lower Arcade** of the teeth?
* Inferior Alveolar Artery * Branch of *Maxillary Artery* in *Infratemporal Fosssa* * *​*Runs within *Mandibular Foramen* ## Footnote **Venous drainage has same name and distribution as the arteries​**
74
Briefly explain the general innervation for the **Teeth**
* Upper Arcade * Branch of Superior Alveolar Nerve (Branch of Maxillary Nerve - CN V2) * Lower Arcade * Inferior Alveolar Nerve (Branch of Mandibular Nerve - CN V3)
75
Explain the course of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Branch of CN V3 (which itself branches in infratemporal fossa from CN V) Enters Mandibular Foramen Branches to regions of teeth
76
Explain the lymphatic drainage of the teeth
**_Drain into:_** Submental Lymph Nodes Submandibular Lymph Nodes Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
77
What is the **Hard Palate** formed by?
* Anterior two-thirds: * Palatine Process of Maxilla Bones * Posterior one-third: * Horizontal Plates of the Palatine Bones
78
What suspends the **soft palate**?
Suspended to the Hard Palate by Palatine Aponeurosis
79
Explain the funcitoning of the **Soft Palate** as a valve
* Superiorly * Seals off nasal cavity when swallowing * Inferiorly * Seals off oral cavity *(e.g. holding water in mouth while breathing)*
80
What are the histological features of the **Palate**?
Closely attached mucosa Embedded Palatine Glands secrete saliva
81
Palatoglossal Arch
82
Palatopharyngeal Arch
83
Palatine Tonsil
84
Anterior margin of Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Palatoglossal Arch)
85
Posterior wall of Oropharynx
86
What are the muscles of the **Soft Palate**? Where do they arise?
Arise from the base of the skull and descend to the palate * Tensor Veli Palaini * Levator Veli Palatini * Palatoglossal * Musculus Uvulae
87
What is the blood supply to the **Soft Palate**?
Greater Palatine Artery Lesser Palatine Artery Ascending Palatine Artery **Venous drainage contributes to Pterygoid Venous Plexus**
88
Explain the sensory innervation to the **Palate**?
Branches of Maxillary Nerve (CN V3) * Greater Palatine Nerve * Nasopalatine Nerve * Lesser Palatine Nerve
89
Explain the motor innervation to the **Palate**
***_Pharyngeal Nerve Plexus_*** _Except_ **Tensor Veli Palatini** - *Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)*
90
Which part of the tongue is mobile? Which part is fixed?
Root - Fixed (Posterior 1/3) Body - Mobile (Anterior 2/3)
91
Where is the tongue located?
Partly in Oral Cavity Partly in Oropharynx
92
What are the surfaces of the **tongue**?
Dorsum (Superior and Posterior) Inferior Surface (Rests on floor)
93
What are the numerous papillae that make the surface of the **tongue** rough?
Vallate Fungiform Foliate Filiform (Only papillae without taste buds)
94
What divides the muscles of the **tongue**?
Midline Lingual Septum
95
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Styloglossus Muscles Hyoglossus Muscles Palatoglossus Muscles Genioglossus Muscles
96
What are the intrisic muscles of the tongue?
Superior Longitudinal Muscles Transvers Muscles Vertical Muscles Inferior Longitudinal Muscles
97
What is the motor innervation of the **tongue**?
***_Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)_*** _Except_ **Palatoglossus** - *Pharyngeal Plexus*
98
Explain the *general sensory* innervation of the tongue
Anterior two-thirds: Lingual Nerve (from CN V3) Posterior one-third: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
99
Explain the *special sensory (taste)* of the tongue
* Anterior two-thirds * Chorda Tympani (Branch of CN VII) * Posterior one-third * Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
100
What is the arterial supply of the **tongue**?
* Lingual Artery (Branch of External Carotid Artery) * Dorsal Lingual Artery - Root of tongue * Deep Lingual Artery - Body of tongue
101
What is the venous drainage of the **tongue**?
Root of tongue: Dorsal Lingual Vein Body of tongue: Deep Lingual Vein **Both join the Sublingual Vein**
102
Frenulum
103
Sublingual Fold (Plica)
104
Sublingual Caruncle
105
Explain the lymphatic drainage of the **Tongue**
* Root: * Bilaterally to Superior Deep Cervical (Jugulodigastric) Lymph Nodes * Medial part of Body: * Bilaterally into Inferior Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes * Lateral parts of Body: * Submandibular Lymph Nodes * Apex and Frenulum: * Submental Lymph Nodes
106
What fossa is the **Mandibular Branch (CN V3) of Trigeminal Nerve** associated with?
Infratemporal Fossa
107
What fossa is the **Maxillary Branch (CN V2) of Trigeminal Nerve** associated with?
Pterygopalatine Fossa
108
What is the Sphenomandibular ligament made of?
Thickening of Parotid Fascia

Head and Neck (11 decks)

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