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Head and Neck > Larynx and Cervical Trachea > Flashcards

Larynx and Cervical Trachea Flashcards

1
Q

How big is the larynx

A

8cm

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2
Q

What level is the larynx positioned at

A

C3-C6

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3
Q

What are the 9 cartilages that make up the Larynx

A

3 unpaired:

  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
  • Epiglottis

3 paired:

  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
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4
Q

What are the membranes that make up the larynx

A

3 extrinsic membranes:

  • Thyrohyoid
  • Hyo-epiglottic
  • Cricotracheal

2 intrinsic membranes:

  • Cricothyroid/cricovocal
  • Quadrangular
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5
Q

What are the three major regions of the Larynx

A

Vestibibule
Middle chamber
Infraglottic

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6
Q

What is the thyroid cartilage made of

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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7
Q

What is the location of the Thyroid Cartilage

A

Opposite C4

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8
Q

What motions does the Thyroid Cartilage undergo

A

Rotation

Gliding

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9
Q

What motions does the Cricoid Cartilage undergo

A

None

Fixed by cricothyroid and cricotracheal ligaments

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10
Q

What is the Cricoid Cartilage made of

A

hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

What is the epiglottic cartilage made of

A

elastic cartilage

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12
Q

What is the postition of the epiglottic cartilage

A

posterior to tongue root and hyoid

anterior to laryngeal inlet

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13
Q

What motions does the epiglottic cartilages undergo

A

Passive motions

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14
Q

What joint is inferior to the arytenoid cartilage

A

crico-arytenoid joint

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15
Q

What motion does the arytenoid cartilage undergo

A

Pivoting rotation

Anterior-posterior tilting

Abduction and adduction (sliding towards and away from each other)

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16
Q

What is at the apex (superior end) of the arytenoid cartilage

A

Facet for Corniculate cartilages

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17
Q

Where are the Corniculate Cartilages located?

A

Within the ary-epiglottic fold

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18
Q

Where are the cuneiform cartilages located?

A

Withing the ary-epiglottic fold

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19
Q

Which cartilage doesn’t articulate with any others in the larynx

A

Cuneiform Cartilage

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20
Q

What are the attachments of the Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Superior:
Inferior margin of hyoid bone

Inferior:
Superior margin and superior horns of thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

What are the thickenings of the Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Medially - forms MEDIAN THYROHYOID LIGAMENT

Laterally - forms LATERAL THYROHYOID LIGAMENT

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22
Q

What are the attachments of the Hyo-epiglottic membrane

A

Anterior:
Posterior surface of Hyoid bone

Posterior:
Anterior surface of epiglottis cartilage

23
Q

What are the attachments of the Cricotracheal Ligament

A

Superior:
Inferior margin of Cricoid cartilage

Inferior:
Superior margin of 1st tracheal ring

24
Q

What are the attachments of the Cricoid-thyroid membrane of the larynx

A

Superior and Anterior:
Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage (near intersection of laminae)

Superior and Posterior:
Vocal process of the arytenoids

Inferior
Superior margin of the Cricoid cartilage

25
Q

What are the thickenings of the Cricoid-thyroid membrane

A

Anteriorly: Thickens to form median Cricothyroid ligament

Superiorly: Forms Vocal Ligaments (from superior free margin)

26
Q

What are the attachments of the quadrangular membrane

A

Superior and lateral:
sides of the epiglottis

Anterior and Inferior:
Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage near intersection of laminae

Posterior and inferior:
Arytenoids on depression for vestibular ligaments

27
Q

What makes up the ary-epiglotic fold?

A

Free upper margin of quadrangular membrane makes up ARYEPIGLOTTIC LIGAMENT

When covered with mucosa, makes up ARY-EPIGLOTTIC FOLD

28
Q

What do the thickenings of the quadrangular membrane make?

A

Superior: Aryepiglottic Ligament

Inferior: Vestibular Ligament

29
Q

What makes up the Conus Elasticus

A

Vocal ligament

Lateral Cricothyroid ligament

30
Q

What are the elevators of the Hyoid and Larynx

A

Suprahyoid and Stylopharyngeus

31
Q

What are the depressors of the Hyoid and Larynx

A

Infrahyoid Muscles (Strap Muscles)

32
Q

What is the action of the Cricothyroid

A

Pulls on laryngeal prominence (laryngeal angle)

Forward tilt of Thyroid cartilage
Lengthens and tightens vocal ligament
Increases voice pitch

33
Q

What is the action of the Lateral Crico-arytenoid muscle

A

Pulls muscular process anteriorly

Rotates arytenoids so that vocal process swings medially

34
Q

What is the action of the Transverse Arytenoids

A

Pull arytenoid cartilages together

35
Q

What muscles enable whispering

A

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles

Pulles arytenoid cartilages together leaving rima glottidis open

36
Q

What is the action of the Oblique arytenoids

A

Pull arytenoid cartilages closer togerther

37
Q

Which muscles enable phonation?

A

Phonation is the vibration of the vocal ligaments

Lateral crico-arytenoid
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid

38
Q

What are the actions of the Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

A

Pull muscular process posteriorly

Rotates vocal process laterally (widening the Rima Glottidis)

39
Q

What are the “sphincters” of the Rima Glottidis

A

Lateral Crico-arytenoid
Transverse Arytenoids
Oblique arytenoids
Aryepiglottic Muscles

40
Q

What are the functions of the Thyro-arytenoid muscles? Where is it located?

A

Run adjacent to vocal ligament

Contracts and shortens to decrease tension in vocal ligament (decreasing pitch)

41
Q

What are the functions of the Vocalis? Where is it located?

A

Medial to Thyro-aryenoids and directly lateral to vocal ligament

Produces minute adjustments in vocal ligament length like when singing

42
Q

What is the arterial supply to the larynx

A

Superior Laryngeal A (Br. of Superior Thyroid A.)
-Supplies superior internal surface of larynx

Inferior laryngeal A. (Br. of Inferior thyroid A.)
-Supplies inferior internal surface of larynx

43
Q

What are the relations of the Superior Laryngeal A

A

Branch of Superior Thyroid A.
Pierces Thyrohyoid membrane
Accompanied by superior laryngeal N

44
Q

What are the relations of the Inferior Laryngeal A

A

Branch of Inferior Thyroid A

Accompanied by recurrent laryngeal N

45
Q

What is the venous drainage of the larynx

A

Superior laryngeal V. —> IJV

Inferior Laryngeal V.
—> Inferior Thyroid V. OR Thyroid venous plexus
In turn into, Left Brachiocephalic Trunk

46
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the Larynx

A

Above folds:
SUPERIOR DEEP CERVICAL LN

Below folds:
Pretracheal LN
OR…
Paratracheal LN

Both then drain into INFERIOR DEEP CERVICAL LN

47
Q

What is the general extent of the Laryngeal Cavity

A

From Laryngeal inlet to level of inferior border of the Cricoid

48
Q

What are the parts of the Laryngeal Cavity

A

Laryngeal Vestibule:
–Between inlet and vestibular folds

Middle part of laryngeal cavity:
–Between true and vestibular vocal folds

Infraglottic Cavity:
–Between true vocal folds and inferior surface of cricoid cartilage

49
Q

Explain how the Vagus Nerve turns into the Laryngeal nerves

A

Vagus —> Superior Laryngeal —> Internal Laryngeal AND External Laryngeal

Vagus —> Recurrent Laryngeal —> Inferior Laryngeal

50
Q

What muscles does the External Laryngeal N. innvervate?

A

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Cricothyroid

51
Q

What muscles does the Inferior Laryngeal N. innervate?

A

All internal laryngeal muscles (Through anterior and posterior branches) except for Cricothyroid

52
Q

Which laryngeal muscles are innervated by the Anterior Branch of the Inferior Laryngeal N.

A 
Lateral Cricothyroid
Thyro-arytenoid
Vocalis
Ary-epiglottic
Thyro-epiglottic
53
Q

Which laryngeal muscles are innervated by the Posterior Branch of the Inferior Laryngeal N

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Transverse Arytenoids
Oblique Arytenoids

54
Q

Explain the sensory innvervation of the Larynx

A

Above vocal folds:
Internal Laryngeal N.

Below vocal folds
Inferior Laryngeal N.

Head and Neck (11 decks)

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