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Head and Neck > Larynx and Cervical Trachea > Flashcards

Larynx and Cervical Trachea Flashcards

1
Q

How big is the larynx

A

8cm

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2
Q

What level is the larynx positioned at

A

C3-C6

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3
Q

What are the 9 cartilages that make up the Larynx

A

3 unpaired:

  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
  • Epiglottis

3 paired:

  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
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4
Q

What are the membranes that make up the larynx

A

3 extrinsic membranes:

  • Thyrohyoid
  • Hyo-epiglottic
  • Cricotracheal

2 intrinsic membranes:

  • Cricothyroid/cricovocal
  • Quadrangular
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5
Q

What are the three major regions of the Larynx

A

Vestibibule
Middle chamber
Infraglottic

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6
Q

What is the thyroid cartilage made of

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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7
Q

What is the location of the Thyroid Cartilage

A

Opposite C4

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8
Q

What motions does the Thyroid Cartilage undergo

A

Rotation

Gliding

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9
Q

What motions does the Cricoid Cartilage undergo

A

None

Fixed by cricothyroid and cricotracheal ligaments

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10
Q

What is the Cricoid Cartilage made of

A

hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

What is the epiglottic cartilage made of

A

elastic cartilage

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12
Q

What is the postition of the epiglottic cartilage

A

posterior to tongue root and hyoid

anterior to laryngeal inlet

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13
Q

What motions does the epiglottic cartilages undergo

A

Passive motions

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14
Q

What joint is inferior to the arytenoid cartilage

A

crico-arytenoid joint

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15
Q

What motion does the arytenoid cartilage undergo

A

Pivoting rotation

Anterior-posterior tilting

Abduction and adduction (sliding towards and away from each other)

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16
Q

What is at the apex (superior end) of the arytenoid cartilage

A

Facet for Corniculate cartilages

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17
Q

Where are the Corniculate Cartilages located?

A

Within the ary-epiglottic fold

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18
Q

Where are the cuneiform cartilages located?

A

Withing the ary-epiglottic fold

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19
Q

Which cartilage doesn’t articulate with any others in the larynx

A

Cuneiform Cartilage

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20
Q

What are the attachments of the Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Superior:
Inferior margin of hyoid bone

Inferior:
Superior margin and superior horns of thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

What are the thickenings of the Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Medially - forms MEDIAN THYROHYOID LIGAMENT

Laterally - forms LATERAL THYROHYOID LIGAMENT

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22
Q

What are the attachments of the Hyo-epiglottic membrane

A

Anterior:
Posterior surface of Hyoid bone

Posterior:
Anterior surface of epiglottis cartilage

23
Q

What are the attachments of the Cricotracheal Ligament

A

Superior:
Inferior margin of Cricoid cartilage

Inferior:
Superior margin of 1st tracheal ring

24
Q

What are the attachments of the Cricoid-thyroid membrane of the larynx

A

Superior and Anterior:
Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage (near intersection of laminae)

Superior and Posterior:
Vocal process of the arytenoids

Inferior
Superior margin of the Cricoid cartilage

25
What are the thickenings of the Cricoid-thyroid membrane
Anteriorly: Thickens to form median Cricothyroid ligament Superiorly: Forms Vocal Ligaments (from superior free margin)
26
What are the attachments of the quadrangular membrane
Superior and lateral: sides of the epiglottis Anterior and Inferior: Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage near intersection of laminae Posterior and inferior: Arytenoids on depression for vestibular ligaments
27
What makes up the ary-epiglotic fold?
Free upper margin of quadrangular membrane makes up ARYEPIGLOTTIC LIGAMENT When covered with mucosa, makes up ARY-EPIGLOTTIC FOLD
28
What do the thickenings of the quadrangular membrane make?
Superior: Aryepiglottic Ligament Inferior: Vestibular Ligament
29
What makes up the Conus Elasticus
Vocal ligament | Lateral Cricothyroid ligament
30
What are the elevators of the Hyoid and Larynx
Suprahyoid and Stylopharyngeus
31
What are the depressors of the Hyoid and Larynx
Infrahyoid Muscles (Strap Muscles)
32
What is the action of the Cricothyroid
Pulls on laryngeal prominence (laryngeal angle) Forward tilt of Thyroid cartilage Lengthens and tightens vocal ligament Increases voice pitch
33
What is the action of the Lateral Crico-arytenoid muscle
Pulls muscular process anteriorly | Rotates arytenoids so that vocal process swings medially
34
What is the action of the Transverse Arytenoids
Pull arytenoid cartilages together
35
What muscles enable whispering
Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles | Pulles arytenoid cartilages together leaving rima glottidis open
36
What is the action of the Oblique arytenoids
Pull arytenoid cartilages closer togerther
37
Which muscles enable phonation?
Phonation is the vibration of the vocal ligaments Lateral crico-arytenoid Transverse arytenoid Oblique arytenoid
38
What are the actions of the Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles
Pull muscular process posteriorly | Rotates vocal process laterally (widening the Rima Glottidis)
39
What are the "sphincters" of the Rima Glottidis
Lateral Crico-arytenoid Transverse Arytenoids Oblique arytenoids Aryepiglottic Muscles
40
What are the functions of the Thyro-arytenoid muscles? Where is it located?
Run adjacent to vocal ligament Contracts and shortens to decrease tension in vocal ligament (decreasing pitch)
41
What are the functions of the Vocalis? Where is it located?
Medial to Thyro-aryenoids and directly lateral to vocal ligament Produces minute adjustments in vocal ligament length like when singing
42
What is the arterial supply to the larynx
Superior Laryngeal A (Br. of Superior Thyroid A.) -Supplies superior internal surface of larynx Inferior laryngeal A. (Br. of Inferior thyroid A.) -Supplies inferior internal surface of larynx
43
What are the relations of the Superior Laryngeal A
Branch of Superior Thyroid A. Pierces Thyrohyoid membrane Accompanied by superior laryngeal N
44
What are the relations of the Inferior Laryngeal A
Branch of Inferior Thyroid A | Accompanied by recurrent laryngeal N
45
What is the venous drainage of the larynx
Superior laryngeal V. ---> IJV Inferior Laryngeal V. ---> Inferior Thyroid V. OR Thyroid venous plexus In turn into, Left Brachiocephalic Trunk
46
Explain the lymphatic drainage of the Larynx
Above folds: SUPERIOR DEEP CERVICAL LN Below folds: Pretracheal LN OR... Paratracheal LN Both then drain into INFERIOR DEEP CERVICAL LN
47
What is the general extent of the Laryngeal Cavity
From Laryngeal inlet to level of inferior border of the Cricoid
48
What are the parts of the Laryngeal Cavity
Laryngeal Vestibule: --Between inlet and vestibular folds Middle part of laryngeal cavity: --Between true and vestibular vocal folds Infraglottic Cavity: --Between true vocal folds and inferior surface of cricoid cartilage
49
Explain how the Vagus Nerve turns into the Laryngeal nerves
Vagus ---> Superior Laryngeal ---> Internal Laryngeal AND External Laryngeal Vagus ---> Recurrent Laryngeal ---> Inferior Laryngeal
50
What muscles does the External Laryngeal N. innvervate?
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor | Cricothyroid
51
What muscles does the Inferior Laryngeal N. innervate?
All internal laryngeal muscles (Through anterior and posterior branches) except for Cricothyroid
52
Which laryngeal muscles are innervated by the Anterior Branch of the Inferior Laryngeal N.
``` Lateral Cricothyroid Thyro-arytenoid Vocalis Ary-epiglottic Thyro-epiglottic ```
53
Which laryngeal muscles are innervated by the Posterior Branch of the Inferior Laryngeal N
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Transverse Arytenoids Oblique Arytenoids
54
Explain the sensory innvervation of the Larynx
Above vocal folds: Internal Laryngeal N. Below vocal folds Inferior Laryngeal N.

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