Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What level of the cervical spine do the thyroid and cricoid cartilage traverse (approximately)?

Answer 2

C4 - C7

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Describe the possible motions of the arytenoid cartilages?

Answer 4

Move medially and laterally

Rotate around attachments to cricoid

ABduct (farther apart) ADduct (closer together)

Question 5

The […] end of the epiglottis articulates with the thyroid cartilage while the […] end closes off the trachea

Answer 5

Inferior

Superior

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the action of the cricothyroid muscle?

What is its innervation?

Answer 11

Tighten vocal folds

External laryngeal nerve (vagus)

Question 12

What is the action of the vocalis muscle?

What is its innervation?

Answer 12

Tighten vocal folds

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus)

Question 13

What is the action of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

What does it do to the arytenoid cartilage?

What is its innervation?

Answer 13

ADducts vocal folds

Closes arytenoids

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus)

Question 14

What is the action of the transverse arytenoid?

What effect does it have on the arytenoid cartilage?

How is it innervated?

Answer 14

ADduct the vocal folds

Closes arytenoids

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus)

Question 15

What is the action of the posterior cricothyroid muscle?

What is its effect on the arytenoids?

How is it innervated?

Answer 15

ABducts vocal folds

Opens cartilages

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus)

Question 16

What is the action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

What effect does it have on the arytenoids?

How is it innervated?

Answer 16

ADducts vocal folds

Closes them

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus)

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the significance of the valeculla?

Answer 18

Where endotracheal tools can be placed to hold epiglottis up for tube to enter trachea

Question 19

What is the significance of the piriform recess?

Answer 19

Food often gets stuck here

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the purpose of the inflatable portion of an endotracheal tube?

Answer 22

To ensure inflate and push against back of trachea and prevent any aspiration from the trachea

Question 23

How must a person be positioned if they are going to be given an endotracheal tube?

Answer 23

Head tilt chin lift

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

The internal laryngeal nerve provides what kind of information?

Answer 25

Somatic sensory information FROM the larynx

Question 26

What nerve supplies motor information to most of the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 26

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (vagus)

Question 27

The superior laryngeal artery arises from where?

Answer 27

The superior thyroid artery, which arises from the external carotid artery

Question 28

The inferior laryngeal artery arises from where?

Answer 28

The inferior thyroid artery which arises from the thyrocervical trunk

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

In addition to labeling all the structures, describe what is happening in the mouth during breathing.

Answer 32

• Soft palate is folded down to open nasopharynx to allow passage of air
• Floor of mouth and tongue are relaxed
• Epiglottis is raised

Question 33

In addition to labeling all the structures, describe what is happening in the mouth during swallowing.

Answer 33

• Raised soft palate
• Contracted superior constrictor –> closes off nasopharynx
• Contracted tongue –> closes off oropharynx
• Contracted floor of mouth and thyrohyoid –> help lower epiglottis to protect trachea

Question 34

Where can you access the trachea and in what settings should this be done?

Answer 34