Nasal and Oral Cavities Flashcards
What bones compose the nasal septum?
Superior border = perpindicular plate of ethmoid
Inferior border = vomer
What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?
Maxilla and palatine
The middle and superior concha are part of the […] bone
Ethmoid
True or false: The inferior nasal concha is a separate bone from the superior and middle nasal concha.
True
The maxillary, frontal and sphenoid sinuses, as well as the nasal lacrimal duct drain into the […] around the […]
Nasal cavity
Nasal concha
The […] bone makes up the roof of the nasal cavity and the opening of the maxillary sinus
Ethmoid bone
Describe the location of the maxillary hiatus (opening) and what it’s clinical implications are.
Located at the top of the maxillary sinus, making it difficult for the sinus to drain when it is filled so it is easier to get infected –> sinusitis
Label the image and discuss the drainage of the sinuses.
- Frontal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity via the frontonasal duct, which opens out at the hiatus semilunaris on the lateral wall
- Sphenoid sinuses drain out onto the roof of the nasal cavity (ethmoid sinuses)
- Ethmoid drains into nasal cavity
- Maxillary drains into ethmoid which drains into nasal cavity
**Note - superior nasal concha are hidden by middle nasal concha in saggital section**
The […] can be surgically accessed via passing through the nasal roof, into the sphenoid sinus and through the sphenoid bone
pituitary gland
What does the eustachian tube do?
Connects middle ear to posterior nasal cavity. Is normally closed off in order to equalize pressure between atmosphere and middle ear. However, nasopharynx fold can open during certain events, like yawning, chewing, and swallowing and on airplanes to equalize pressure again.
What is the function of the levator veli palatini?
Elevate soft palate
What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?
- Move the soft palate laterally
- Help move eustachian tube to equalize pressure in middle ear
What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus?
Help move eustachian tube to open it to equalize presure in middle ear
Name all structures
For #2 and #3 - what are their actions and innervations also?
Describe the insertion of tensor veli palatini?
Hooks around medial pterygoid plate to insert on soft palate –> gives it leverage to pull palate to sides (laterally)
What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
For each labeled structure, name the structure and provide its innervation.
Blood supply to the anterior nose is provided by the […] artery
Blood supply to the posterior nose is provided by the […] artery
Opthalmic
Maxillary
[…] and […] mark the transition between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
Describe how the teeth of children are organized.
20 total
Per quadrant: (5 teeth x 4 quadrants = 20 teeth)
- 2 molars
- 2 incisors
- 1 canine
Describe the process of losing baby teeth.
Adult teeth develop in the maxilla and mandible. As they grow, they push on the roots of the baby teeth causing the roots to die and dissolve. As the roots dissolve the teeth are less secure and fall out, the adult tooth can now protrude through the gums.
Why is it common in western civilizations to require removal of the 3rd molar (wisdom tooth)?
The modern human jaw isn’t exposed to the same mechanical demands as it used to, so the jaws do not develop as robustly (large). When the 3rd molar comes in, there is usually not space for it in the jaw so it needs to be removed to make enough room for the other teeth to align.
Describe age related changes in the mandible.
At birth, angle of oblique line of mandible is large. Becomes smaller angle with age into adulthood. In elderly, if they lose an adult tooth and do not get a replacement or something to take its place, the alveolar process where that tooth was can retreat causing degradation of the jaw and potential risk for loss of the other teeth. Once the alveolar bone of the mandible is lost it is hard to make dentures and can make eating / nutrition difficult.
The platoglossal arch connects the […] to the […]
The platopharyngeal arch connects the […] to the […]
Palate; tongue
Soft palate; oropharynx
Label all numbered structures. For any muscles, also state their innervation.
What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscle?
Move the intrinsic tongue muscles.
What muscles make up the floor of the mouth?
Hyoglossus
Geniohyoid
