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Neuroscience and Head and Neck Anatomy > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What is a colloquial way of saying what the cerebellum does?

A

Supervised motor learning to collect real time motor corrections and store learned corrections

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2
Q

The cerebellum integrates massive sensory and other inputs from many regions of the brain and spinal cord to […] and to […].

A

smoothly coordinate ongoing movements

participate in motor planning

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3
Q

Information leaves the cerebellum via the […] and enters via the […] and […].

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

A
  • The primary function of the cerebellum is to detect the difference, or ‘motor error’, between an intended movement and the actual movement, and, through its influence over upper motor neurons, to reduce error.
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

A

Anterior

Posterior

Flucculonodular

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8
Q

What are the 3 “parts” of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis –> modulates motor movement and learning for proximal limbs and trunk

Intermediate part –> modulates motor movement and learning for distal limbs

Lateral part –> modulates motor movement and learning for digits (fine motor movements, largest part of cerebellum dedicated to this)

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9
Q
A
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10
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Explain how information enters the cerebellum.

A
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13
Q

Describe the corticopontine fibers entry to the cerebellum.

A
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14
Q

Afferent information about limb movements is conveyed to the cerebellum by the […] for the lower extremity
 and by the […] for the 
 upper extremity and neck

A

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

cuneocerebellar tract

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15
Q

Describe the major outputs from the cerebellum to cortical motor systems.

A
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16
Q

Describe the major outputs from the cerebellum to the brainstem and extrapyramidal motor systems.

A
17
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

From external to internal:

  • Molecular
  • Purkinje
  • Granular
18
Q
  • What cells are found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum?
  • Where do climbing fibers originate from?
A
  • See image
  • Contralateral inferior olive
19
Q

What are purkinje cells in the cerebellum?

A

Efferent neurons of cerebral cortex. They are responsible for error detection.

20
Q
  • What cells are in the granular layer?
  • Where do mossy fibers originate from?
A
  • See image
  • Cells located in nuclei throughout brainstem and spinal cord
21
Q

Where do mossy fibers synapse?

What NT do they release?

What is their function?

A

On deep cerebellar nuclei and granule cells

Glutamate (excitatory)

Modulatory effect on granule cells which ultimately feedback to purkinje cells, allows to help fine tune the signal that is sent on how to correct movement

22
Q

Where do climbing fibers synapse?

What NT do they release?

What is their function?

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei and purkinje cell dendrites

Glutamate

Modulatory effect on purkinje cells, allows to help fine tune the signal that is sent on how to correct movement

23
Q

All output from the cerebellar cortex is carried by the axons of […] into the cerebellar white matter.

A

Purkinje cells

24
Q
  • Basket cells and stellate cells are excited by synaptic inputs from the […]
  • They then give rise to processes that travel […] to parallel fibers to cause inhibition of […]
  • Stellate cells terminate on […] while basket cells terminate on […]
A
  • Granule cell parallel fibers
  • Perpindicular; purkinje cells
  • Purkinje cell dendrites; Purkinje cell bodies
25
Q

Cerebellar lesions typically result in what condition?

A

Ataxia

26
Q

How can you tell where a lesion is in the cerebellum?

A
27
Q
  • Name two important ascending tracks that go to the cerebellum.
  • What information do they convey?
  • Where is their first synapse?
  • What are the sensory detectors for these tracts?
A
  • Dorsal spinocerebellar tract and cuneocerebellar tract
  • Unconscious proprioception
  • DST - clarke’s nucleus (C8 - L2); CCT - accessory nucleus cuneatus
  • Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles
28
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncle originates from the […] and goes to the […]

A

Inferior olive and spinal cord

cerebellum

29
Q

The middle cerebellar peduncle originates from the […] and goes to the […]

A

Pons

Cerebellum

30
Q

The superior cerebellar peduncle originates in the […] and goes to the […]

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

Contralateral VL of thalamus and red nucleus

31
Q

These structure are targets of the […] in the cerebellum via the […]

A

Deep nuclei

Superior cerebellar peduncle

32
Q

Purkinje cells secrete […] as their neurotransmitter and thus are […]

A

GABA

Inhibitory

33
Q

If a person has a cerebellar tumor in their rostral anterior lobe in the vermis, they will present with symptoms of cerebellar damage (ataxia, dysmetria, truncal and limb instability). They may also have damage to a cranial nerve. Which cranial nerve would this be and how would it present?

A

CN 4

Head tilt toward unaffected side

34
Q

The middle cerebellar peduncle tract participates in what type of function?

A

Extrapyramidal modulation of planned movement

Neuroscience and Head and Neck Anatomy (40 decks)

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