Cerebellum Flashcards
What is a colloquial way of saying what the cerebellum does?
Supervised motor learning to collect real time motor corrections and store learned corrections
The cerebellum integrates massive sensory and other inputs from many regions of the brain and spinal cord to […] and to […].
smoothly coordinate ongoing movements
participate in motor planning
Information leaves the cerebellum via the […] and enters via the […] and […].
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles
What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
- The primary function of the cerebellum is to detect the difference, or ‘motor error’, between an intended movement and the actual movement, and, through its influence over upper motor neurons, to reduce error.
What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?
Anterior
Posterior
Flucculonodular
What are the 3 “parts” of the cerebellum?
Vermis –> modulates motor movement and learning for proximal limbs and trunk
Intermediate part –> modulates motor movement and learning for distal limbs
Lateral part –> modulates motor movement and learning for digits (fine motor movements, largest part of cerebellum dedicated to this)
Explain how information enters the cerebellum.
Describe the corticopontine fibers entry to the cerebellum.
Afferent information about limb movements is conveyed to the cerebellum by the […] for the lower extremity and by the […] for the upper extremity and neck
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
cuneocerebellar tract
Describe the major outputs from the cerebellum to cortical motor systems.
Describe the major outputs from the cerebellum to the brainstem and extrapyramidal motor systems.
What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?
From external to internal:
- Molecular
- Purkinje
- Granular
- What cells are found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum?
- Where do climbing fibers originate from?
- See image
- Contralateral inferior olive
What are purkinje cells in the cerebellum?
Efferent neurons of cerebral cortex. They are responsible for error detection.
- What cells are in the granular layer?
- Where do mossy fibers originate from?
- See image
- Cells located in nuclei throughout brainstem and spinal cord
Where do mossy fibers synapse?
What NT do they release?
What is their function?
On deep cerebellar nuclei and granule cells
Glutamate (excitatory)
Modulatory effect on granule cells which ultimately feedback to purkinje cells, allows to help fine tune the signal that is sent on how to correct movement
Where do climbing fibers synapse?
What NT do they release?
What is their function?
Deep cerebellar nuclei and purkinje cell dendrites
Glutamate
Modulatory effect on purkinje cells, allows to help fine tune the signal that is sent on how to correct movement
All output from the cerebellar cortex is carried by the axons of […] into the cerebellar white matter.
Purkinje cells
- Basket cells and stellate cells are excited by synaptic inputs from the […]
- They then give rise to processes that travel […] to parallel fibers to cause inhibition of […]
- Stellate cells terminate on […] while basket cells terminate on […]
- Granule cell parallel fibers
- Perpindicular; purkinje cells
- Purkinje cell dendrites; Purkinje cell bodies
Cerebellar lesions typically result in what condition?
Ataxia
How can you tell where a lesion is in the cerebellum?
- Name two important ascending tracks that go to the cerebellum.
- What information do they convey?
- Where is their first synapse?
- What are the sensory detectors for these tracts?
- Dorsal spinocerebellar tract and cuneocerebellar tract
- Unconscious proprioception
- DST - clarke’s nucleus (C8 - L2); CCT - accessory nucleus cuneatus
- Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles
The inferior cerebellar peduncle originates from the […] and goes to the […]
Inferior olive and spinal cord
cerebellum
The middle cerebellar peduncle originates from the […] and goes to the […]
Pons
Cerebellum
The superior cerebellar peduncle originates in the […] and goes to the […]
Deep cerebellar nuclei
Contralateral VL of thalamus and red nucleus
These structure are targets of the […] in the cerebellum via the […]
Deep nuclei
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Purkinje cells secrete […] as their neurotransmitter and thus are […]
GABA
Inhibitory
If a person has a cerebellar tumor in their rostral anterior lobe in the vermis, they will present with symptoms of cerebellar damage (ataxia, dysmetria, truncal and limb instability). They may also have damage to a cranial nerve. Which cranial nerve would this be and how would it present?
CN 4
Head tilt toward unaffected side
The middle cerebellar peduncle tract participates in what type of function?
Extrapyramidal modulation of planned movement
