Pharynx Flashcards
At what level of the spine does the pharynx end?
C6
What are the 5 layers of the wall of pharynx?
- Mucous membrane
- Submucosa
- Pharyngeal aponeurosis
- Muscular
- Buccopharyngeal fascia
What is the O, I, A, N of the superior constrictor?
O: Pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, pharyngeal tubercle, mylohyoid line of mandible, side of tongue.
I: Pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal raphe.
A: Constricts upper portion of pharynx
N: CNX via pharyngeal plaxus
What is the pterygomandibular raphe and where does it attach?
Linear cord like CT.
Pterygoid hamulus to mandible posterior to third molar.
What is the O, I, A, N of middle constrictor?
O: Sytlohyoid ligament, hyoid.
I: Pharyngeal raphe
A: Constricts middle portion of the pharynx
N: CNX via pharyngeal plexus
what is the O, I, A, N of the inferior constrictor?
O: Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage.
I: Pharyngeal raphe
A: Constricts lower portion of the pharynx
N: CNX via pharyngeal plexus
What is the cricopharyngeus? What does it do?
Lower fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Serves as upper esophageal sphincter.
What are the longitudinal muscles of pharynx?
Palatopharyngeus.
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
What is the O,I,A,N of palatopharyngeus?
O: Posterior border of hard palate, palatine aponeurosis.
I: Pharynx
A: Elevates pharynx and larynx during swallowing
N: CNX via pharyngeal plexus
what is the O,I,A, N of salpingopharyngeus?
O: Auditory tube.
I: Palatopharyngeus muscle
A: Elevates nasopharynx, opens auditory tube, equalizes pressure between auditory tube and pharynx.
N: CNX via pharyngeal plexus.
what is the O, I, A, N of syltopharyngeus?
O: Styloid process
I: Blends with palatopharyngeus
A: Elevates pharynx and larynx, expands side of pharynx.
N: CNIX
What nerves make up the pharyngeal nerve plexus?
CNIX pharyngeal branch
CNX pharyngeal branch
CNIX pharyngeal branch
Where is the 1st pharyngeal aperture located? What is contained in it?
Between base of skull and superior constrictor.
- Auditory tube
- Levator veli palatini
- Ascending pharyngeal a.
- Ascending palatine a.
Where is the 2nd pharyngeal aperture located? What is contained in it?
Between superior and middle constrictors.
-Stylopharyngeus, hyoglossus, styloglossus mm.
-Styloyhyoid ligament
T-onsillar a., lingual a. and v.
-Lingual, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nn.
-Lymphatics
-Submandibular gland
Where is the 3rd pharyngeal aperture located? Contained in it? What structure also has these same things passing through it?
Between middle and inferior constrictor
- Internal branch of superior laryngeal n.
- Superior laryngeal a and V.
Thyrohyoid membrane also has these same things.
Where is the 4th pharyngeal aperture located? Contained in it?
- Recurrent laryngeal n.
- Inferior laryngeal a and v.
What is the innervation for Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx?
Naso=Pharyngeal branch of V2
Oro: IX
Laryn= X
What are the contents of the nasopharynx?
- opening of eustachian tubes
- Torus tubarius :Elevation over base of auditory tube.
- Salpingopharyngeal fold: Mucous membrane over
the salpingopharyngeaus m. - Pharyngeal recess: Contains pharyngeal tonsils
- Adenoid or pharyngeal tonsil (1)
What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?
- Superior and posterior to soft palate and uvula
- Inferior to sphenoid bone
- Posterior to internal nares
What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?
- Inferior to soft palate
- Superior to epiglottis
- Posterior to tongue
What are the contents of the oropharynx?
- Soft palate
- Salpingopharyngeal fold
- Paltine tonsils (2)
- Lingual tonsil (1)
- Epiglottic vellecula (Space between tongue and epiglottis where food can get stuck).
what is tonsillitis?
Inflammation of the tonsils.
What is a peritonsillar absess? Also called?
Spread of infection from palatine tonsil to losse connective tissue outside capsule.
Also called quinsy abscess.
What are palatine tonsil stones? Also called?
AKA tonsilloliths.
Food that was stuck in tonsil crypts.
