Pharynx

Question 1

At what level of the spine does the pharynx end?

Answer 1

C6

Question 2

What are the 5 layers of the wall of pharynx?

Answer 2

1. Mucous membrane
2. Submucosa
3. Pharyngeal aponeurosis
4. Muscular
5. Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 3

What is the O, I, A, N of the superior constrictor?

Answer 3

O: Pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, pharyngeal tubercle, mylohyoid line of mandible, side of tongue.
I: Pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal raphe.
A: Constricts upper portion of pharynx
N: CNX via pharyngeal plaxus

Question 4

What is the pterygomandibular raphe and where does it attach?

Answer 4

Linear cord like CT.

Pterygoid hamulus to mandible posterior to third molar.

Question 5

What is the O, I, A, N of middle constrictor?

Answer 5

O: Sytlohyoid ligament, hyoid.
I: Pharyngeal raphe
A: Constricts middle portion of the pharynx
N: CNX via pharyngeal plexus

Question 6

what is the O, I, A, N of the inferior constrictor?

Answer 6

O: Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage.
I: Pharyngeal raphe
A: Constricts lower portion of the pharynx
N: CNX via pharyngeal plexus

Question 7

What is the cricopharyngeus? What does it do?

Answer 7

Lower fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Serves as upper esophageal sphincter.

Question 8

What are the longitudinal muscles of pharynx?

Answer 8

Palatopharyngeus.
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus

Question 9

What is the O,I,A,N of palatopharyngeus?

Answer 9

O: Posterior border of hard palate, palatine aponeurosis.
I: Pharynx
A: Elevates pharynx and larynx during swallowing
N: CNX via pharyngeal plexus

Question 10

what is the O,I,A, N of salpingopharyngeus?

Answer 10

O: Auditory tube.
I: Palatopharyngeus muscle
A: Elevates nasopharynx, opens auditory tube, equalizes pressure between auditory tube and pharynx.
N: CNX via pharyngeal plexus.

Question 11

what is the O, I, A, N of syltopharyngeus?

Answer 11

O: Styloid process
I: Blends with palatopharyngeus
A: Elevates pharynx and larynx, expands side of pharynx.
N: CNIX

Question 12

What nerves make up the pharyngeal nerve plexus?

Answer 12

CNIX pharyngeal branch
CNX pharyngeal branch
CNIX pharyngeal branch

Question 13

Where is the 1st pharyngeal aperture located? What is contained in it?

Answer 13

Between base of skull and superior constrictor.

• Auditory tube
• Levator veli palatini
• Ascending pharyngeal a.
• Ascending palatine a.

Question 14

Where is the 2nd pharyngeal aperture located? What is contained in it?

Answer 14

Between superior and middle constrictors.

-Stylopharyngeus, hyoglossus, styloglossus mm.
-Styloyhyoid ligament
T-onsillar a., lingual a. and v.
-Lingual, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nn.
-Lymphatics
-Submandibular gland

Question 15

Where is the 3rd pharyngeal aperture located? Contained in it? What structure also has these same things passing through it?

Answer 15

Between middle and inferior constrictor

• Internal branch of superior laryngeal n.
• Superior laryngeal a and V.

Thyrohyoid membrane also has these same things.

Question 16

Where is the 4th pharyngeal aperture located? Contained in it?

Answer 16

• Recurrent laryngeal n.

- Inferior laryngeal a and v.

Question 17

What is the innervation for Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx?

Answer 17

Naso=Pharyngeal branch of V2
Oro: IX
Laryn= X

Question 18

What are the contents of the nasopharynx?

Answer 18

1. opening of eustachian tubes
2. Torus tubarius :Elevation over base of auditory tube.
3. Salpingopharyngeal fold: Mucous membrane over
   the salpingopharyngeaus m.
4. Pharyngeal recess: Contains pharyngeal tonsils
5. Adenoid or pharyngeal tonsil (1)

Question 19

What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

Answer 19

• Superior and posterior to soft palate and uvula
• Inferior to sphenoid bone
• Posterior to internal nares

Question 20

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

Answer 20

• Inferior to soft palate
• Superior to epiglottis
• Posterior to tongue

Question 21

What are the contents of the oropharynx?

Answer 21

• Soft palate
• Salpingopharyngeal fold
• Paltine tonsils (2)
• Lingual tonsil (1)
• Epiglottic vellecula (Space between tongue and epiglottis where food can get stuck).

Question 22

what is tonsillitis?

Answer 22

Inflammation of the tonsils.

Question 23

What is a peritonsillar absess? Also called?

Answer 23

Spread of infection from palatine tonsil to losse connective tissue outside capsule.
Also called quinsy abscess.

Question 24

What are palatine tonsil stones? Also called?

Answer 24

AKA tonsilloliths.

Food that was stuck in tonsil crypts.

Question 25

What is waldeyer’s ring? Contents (Superior, lateral, inferior)? How many of each?

Answer 25

Ring of lymphoid tissue

• Superior=Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)(1)
• Lateral = Palatine (2) and tubual (eustachian) tonsils (2)
• Inferior= lingual tonsils .(1)

Question 26

what are the boundaries of laryngopharynx? contents?

Answer 26

• Posterior to the larynx and epiglottis to top of esophagus.
• Piriform recess.

Question 27

What is the venous drainage of the pharynx?

Answer 27

Pharyngeal plexus of veins.

Question 28

What is swallowing called? What is innervating this? What are the phases of swallowing?

Answer 28

Deglutition. 
Nucleus ambiguus sending motor info to Cranial nerves. 
1. Oral phase
2. Pharyngeal phase
3. Esophageal phase.