Neck

Question 1

What are the superficial cervical fascia? Where is it and what is contained in it?

Answer 1

Subcutaneous layer. Deep to skin Surrounds platysma and contains sensory branches of neck.

Question 2

What are the Deep cervical fascia layers?

Answer 2

1. Superficial (investing layer) 2. Middle layer -Muscular pretracheal fascia -Visceral pretracheal fascia -buccopharyngeal fascia 3. Deep layer -Prevertebral fascia -Alar fascia 4. Carotid seath.

Question 3

What does the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia enclose?

Answer 3

-Trapezius -SCM -Submandibular gland -Parotid.

Question 4

What does the muscular pretracheal fascia elcose?

Answer 4

Infrahyoid muscles.

Question 5

What does the Visceral pretracheal fascia envelop? Continuous with and blends with?

Answer 5

Surrounds: Thyroid gland, Larynx, Trachea, Pharynx, Esophagus.

Conitnuous with buccopharyngeal fascia, blends inferiority with fibrous pericardium.

Question 6

What does the prevertebral fascia envelope? What travels along it?

Answer 6

Envelopes deep neck muscles including prevertebral, scalenes, and deep back muscles.

CNXI travels with it.

Question 7

Answer 7

Red=Superficial (Investing) Layer

Purple=Muscular Pretracheal Fascia

Blue=Visceral Pretracheal Fascia

Green= Buccopharyngeal fascia

Orange=Prevertebral fascia

In between orange and green= Alar Fascia

Brown= Carotid Sheath

Question 8

What is the carotid sheath made from? Contents?

Answer 8

Made from contributions of superficial, middle, and deep fascia. -Carotids -Internal jugular vein -Vagus nerve -Lymph nodes -Ansa cervicalis (embedded in wall)

Question 9

What is the carotid sheath made from? Contents?

Answer 9

Made from contributions of superficial, middle, and deep fascia. -Carotids -Internal jugular vein -Vagus nerve -Lymph nodes -Ansa cervicalis (embedded in wall)

Question 10

What are the 3 fascial spaces and their subspaces?

Answer 10

1. Suprahyoid
   - Submandibular (sublingual submaxillary)
   - Lateral phryngeal
   - Masticator
2. Infrahyoid
3. Fascial spaces that span the neck.
   - Retropharyngeal
   - Danger
   - Carotid

Question 11

What are the spaces in the submandibular space and what do they contain?

Answer 11

1. Sublingual: CN XII, Lingual n, sublingual gland, deep part of submandibular gland, submandibular duct.
2. Submaxillary: Submandibular gland, anterior digastric. (infections from 1,2,3rd moars can spread from here.

Question 12

What is the lateral pharyngeal space continuous with?What is contained in Masticator space?

Answer 12

1. Continuous with submandibular and retromandibular spaces.
2. Contains masseter m, medial and lateral pterygoid mm, insertion of temporalis.

Question 13

Where is the retropharyngeal space located? Extends from where? Contains what?

Answer 13

-Between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia -Extend from clivus to T2. -Contains areolar tissue, and lymph nodes.

Question 14

Where is the danger space located? Extends from? Can spread infections where?

Answer 14

-Between alar and prevertebral fascia -Extends from clivus to diaphragm. -Can spread to mediastinum (where hear and lungs are).

Question 15

What is the shape of the thyroid gland? Where does it lie between vertebrae? Special characteristics?

Answer 15

Butterfly shape with 2 lobes connected by isthmus. Between C6-T1 Largest pure endocrine gland.

Question 16

What is the arterial, venous, and nervous supply of the thyroid?

Answer 16

A: Superior thyroid (Ex carotid), Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk branch)

V: Superior and middle thyroid drain into internal jugular., Inferior thyroid drain into left brachiocephalic.

N: Glandular branch of cervical ganglia.

Question 17

What is the location of the parathyroid? Blood supply and innervation?

Answer 17

Pea shaped embedded in thyroid gland. Same supply and innervation as thyroid.

Question 18

What are the major contents of the root of the neck?

Answer 18

Subclavian vein and artery. Phrenic nerve and brachial plexus.

Question 19

What occurs during thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 19

Compression of the trunks of brachial plexus and subclavian artery.

Question 20

What is contained in the scalp?

Answer 20

1. Skin 2. Connective tissue 3. Aponeurosis 4. Loose CT 5. Periosteium

Question 21

What is the arterial supply of the scalp?

Answer 21

1. Internal carotid artery
   - Opthalmic (Supratorchlear, supraorbital)
2. External carotid artery
   - Superficial temporal
   - Posterior auricular
   - Occipital