Larynx

Question 1

What are the regions of the larynx? sensory innervation?

Answer 1

1. Vestibule=near epiglottis
2. Ventricle=Region of vocal cords
3. Infraglottic: Inferior to the glottis

Sensory from CNX of superior laryngeal.

Question 2

what are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx? Paired?

Answer 2

1. Unpaired= Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic.

2. Paired= Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform.

Question 3

what is the thyroid cartilage made up of? Lies between what vertebrae? Connects to what?

Answer 3

• Hyaline cartilage.
• Lies between C4-C6
• Connects to hyoid bone via thyrohyoid membrane.

Question 4

What is the laryngeal prominence, oblique line, and thyroid notch?

Answer 4

Prom=Adams apple
Line=Attachment for sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and inferior constrictor mm.
Notch=Landmark for emergency airway.

Question 5

What is cricoid cartilage made up of? Lies at what vertebral level? Special characteristics?

Answer 5

• Hyaline cartilage
• Lies at C6
• Completely encircles airway.

Question 6

What is the epiglottic cartilage made up of? Shape? Purpose?

Answer 6

• Elastic cartilage
• Leaf shaped
• Protects the airway by opening and closing.

Question 7

what is valecullae?

Answer 7

Area behind epiglottis where food can get stuck.

Question 8

what is arytenoid cartilage made up of? Shape?

Answer 8

• Hyaline cartilage

- Pyramid shape, with base articulating with cricoid.

Question 9

What is cuneiform cartilage made up of? Shape? location?

Answer 9

• Elastic cartilage.
• Club-shaped
• Suspended in fibroelastic membrane, aryepiglottic fold.

Question 10

What is corniculate cartilage made up of? Shape? Location?

Answer 10

• Elastic cartilage
• Conical-shaped
• Lies in aryepiglottic fold.

Question 11

What is the order from superior to inferior of the paired larynx cartilages?

Answer 11

1. Cuniform
2. Croniculate
3. Arytenoid

Question 12

What are the extrinsic laryngeal ligaments?

Answer 12

• Thyrohyoid membrane
• Median cricothyroid ligament
• Cricotracheal ligament.

Question 13

Where are the vocal fold located in relation to each other?

Answer 13

False vocal cord or vestibular fold superior

True vocal cord or vocal fold inferior.

Question 14

what are the rima? Locations?

Answer 14

1. Rima vestibuli=larger Triangular opening between folds

2. Rima glottidis=Narrower triangular opening between folds.

Question 15

what is laryngitis?

Answer 15

Inflammation of vocal cords.

Question 16

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx and their actions?

Answer 16

• Suprahyoid=raises
• Stylopharyngeus=Raises
• Infrahyoid=Depresses

Question 17

What are the actions and innervations off the cricothyroid muscle? Part of which muscle group?

Answer 17

A: Increases tension on vocal ligaments
N: Superior laryngeal of CNX

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

Question 18

What are the actions and innervations of these muscles? Muscle group?
(Posterior cricoarytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid, Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid, Vocalis)

Answer 18

All Innervated by recurrent laryngeal n. (branch of CNX)
Intrinsic muscles of larynx.

1. Posterior cricoarytenoid
   - Opens (abducts) rima glottidis
   - Maintain an airway through the larynx
2. Lateral cricoarytenoid
   - Closes (adducts) rima glottidis
3. Transverse arytenoid
   - Closes (adducts) rima glottidis
4. Oblique arytenoid
   - Closes (adducts) rima glottidis
5. Vocalis
   - Adjusts tension of vocal ligaments

Question 19

What is the action and innervation of Aryepiglotticus, Thyroepiglotticus, Thyroarytenoid? Muscle group?

Answer 19

Innervated by recurrent laryngeal n. (branch of CNX, vagus).
Intrinsic muscles of larynx.

1. Aryepiglotticus
   - Helps close laryngopharyngeal opening
2. Thyroepiglotticus
   - Helps close laryngopharyngeal opening
3. Thyroarytenoid
   - Decreases tension of vocal ligaments

Question 20

what commonly occurs with the piriform fossa?

Answer 20

common site for lodging of sharp ingested bodies.

Question 21

What is the arterial supply of the larynx? (with origins)

Answer 21

1. Superior laryngeal from ECA

2. Inferior laryngeal from inferior thyroid.

Question 22

what is the venous drainage of the larynx? (Draining into..)

Answer 22

1. Superior laryngeal to superior thyroid

2. Inferior laryngeal to inferior thyroid.