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Ag Animal II > Pharyngeal trauma and abscess > Flashcards

Pharyngeal trauma and abscess Flashcards

1
Q

pharyngeal trauma and abscess - what causes

A
  • balling guns, dose syringes, stomach tubes
  • Careful with a balling gun
  • Course feed or foreign objects
  • Mixed 2° bacterial infections
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2
Q

Signs of pharyngeal trauma and abscess

A
  • INSPIRATORY DYSPNEA
  • Head, neck extension
  • Stridor
  • Painful to palpation
  • Ozena
  • Retropharyngeal LN abscess
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3
Q

What type of dyspnea with pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A
  • INSPIRATORY
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4
Q

Dx of pharyngeal trauma

A 
History
PE 
Painful swelling 
Visual or digital examination of pharynx 
Endoscopy
Radiology
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5
Q

Treatment for pharyngeal trauma or abscess

A
  • Establish drainage
  • Systemic antibiotics
  • NSAIDs
  • Support (fistula, etc.)
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6
Q

Necrotic laryngitis

A
  • Infection of laryngeal mucosa (acute) and/or cartilage (chronic)
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7
Q

Mucosal infection - acute or chronic (necrotic laryngitis)?

A
  • Acute

- Smells like foot rot

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8
Q

Cartilage infection - acute or chronic (necrotic laryngitis)?

A

Chronic

  • White plaque
  • may get swelling or impingement of the arytenoids
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9
Q

Clinical signs with necrotic laryngitis?

A
  • Acute onset - moist painful cough
  • Anorexia, depression, fever
  • Stertorous breathing, inspiratory dyspnea
  • Ozena/halitosis
  • Palpably and visibly enlarged larynx
  • Often aspiration pneumonia and poor doers chronically
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10
Q

Type of dyspnea with necrotic laryngitis?

A
  • Inspiratory
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11
Q

Who gets necrotic laryngitis?

A

Calves 3-24 mo

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12
Q

Dx of necrotic laryngitis?

A
  • History
  • Signalment
  • PE
  • Visualization of lesion
  • Characteristic odor
  • necropsy
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13
Q

Ddx for necrotic laryngitis

A
  • Pharyngeal trauma, abscess, neoplasia
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14
Q

Necropsy findings of necrotic laryngitis

A
  • Impacts arytenoids
  • Vocal processes
  • Mucosa
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15
Q

Treatment of necrotic laryngitis***

A
  • Supportive care
  • PPG
  • Sulfonamides
  • NSAIDs
  • Tracheostomy
  • Surgery
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16
Q

Pathophysiology of necrotic laryngitis

A
  • Upper respiratory tract infection (viral, H. somnus, etc.)
  • Reflex coughing leads to edema, mucosal damage, and ulcers
  • Invasion/infection by F. necrophorum
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17
Q

Laryngeal papillomatosis - who gets it?

A
  • Primarmily feedlot cattle
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18
Q

Pathophys of laryngeal papillomatosis?

A
  • Papovavirus enters via contact ulcers
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19
Q

Clinical signs of laryngeal papillomatosis

A
  • Stertorous breathing

- Coughing

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20
Q

Diagnosis of laryngeal papillomatosis

A
  • PE, biopsy, necropsy
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21
Q

Differentials for laryngeal papillomatosis

A
  • Actinobacillosis
  • Chronic necrotic laryngitis
  • Trauma
  • Abscess, tumors, etc.
22
Q

Laryngeal abscess - where does it occur?

A
  • Arytenoid cartilages

- Peri-laryngeal abscess

23
Q

What is laryngeal abscess a sequela to?

A
  • Necrotic laryngitis
24
Q

What is abscessation of arytenoid cartilages caused by (i.e. the etiology)?

A
  • A. pyogenes

- Trueperella

25
Q

Clinical signs of laryngeal abscess

A
  • Inspiratory dyspnea**
  • Stertor localized to larynx
  • Extended head and neck
  • Cyanosis, coughing, etc.
26
Q

Etiology of other laryngeal abscesses

A
  • Grass awns, trauma, secondary to necrotic laryngitis, congenital cavitation in cartilage, hereditary
27
Q

Treatment of laryngeal abscess

A
  • Limited
  • Salvage
  • Tracheostomy
  • Antimicrobials (?)
  • NSAIDs
28
Q

Tracheal edema syndrome - what’s another name?

A
  • Honkers
29
Q

Who gets acute tracheal edema syndrome?

A
  • Heavy feedlot cattle (latter feeding period)
30
Q

Theories for tracheal edema syndrome

A
  • Not sure
  • Infection
  • Trauma
  • Passive congestion and edema
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Mycotoxins
31
Q

Acute tracheal edema vs chronic tracheal edema: who gets?

A

Acute: HEAVY feedlot cattle

Chronic: LIGHT feedlot cattle

32
Q

Acute tracheal edema vs chronic tracheal edema: when?

A

Acute: Sporadic, in summer***

Chronic: sporadic, not seasonal

33
Q

Signs of dyspnea in acute tracheal edema syndrome

A
  • Acute, inspiratory, open mouth breathing, cyanosis, death from asphyxia
34
Q

Primary differentials for tracheal edema syndrome?

A
  • Necrotic laryngitis
35
Q

Pathophysiology of chronic tracheal edema

A
  • History of upper respiratory viral infections like IBR
36
Q

Coughing in chronic tracheal edema syndrome

A
  • Frequent, deep, non-productive

- Poor doers

37
Q

Main dfdx for chronic tracheal edema syndrome

A
  • Chronic pneumonia
38
Q

Signs of acute tracheal edema

A
  • Edema of the dorsal trachea (up to 2 inches thick)
39
Q

Signs of chronic tracheal edema

A
  • Hyperemia and exudate in the caudal third of the trachea
40
Q

Treatment for chronic tracheal edema

A
  • NONE
41
Q

Treatment for acute tracheal edema

A
  • Antimicrobials, NSAIDs, support, tracheostomy, salvage
42
Q

Etiology for laryngeal trauma

A
  • ropes, chutes, foreign objects, etc.
43
Q

Etiology for laryngeal edema

A
  • Anaphylaxis, smoke inhalation
44
Q

Etiology for laryngeal paralysis

A
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
45
Q

Clinical signs of laryngeal issues in general

A
  • Inspiratory dyspnea, stridor, extended head/neck, sensitivity to palpation, etc.
46
Q

Treatment for laryngeal issues in general

A
  • Variable

Most often supportive care

47
Q

Choanal atresia - who gets it?

A
  • Crias
48
Q

Choanal atresia - cause

A
  • Congenital defect with unknown cause
49
Q

Choanal atresia - what’s the problem?

A
  • Blockage between nasal and oral pharynx
  • Partial or complete
  • Soft or osseous
50
Q

Clinical signs of choanal atresia

A
  • Obligate nasal breathers

- Bilaterally may be puffing cheeks and unable to nurse

51
Q

Treatment for choanal atresia

A
  • Surgical procedures are attempted but usually not successful
  • Consider genetics (sterilization)

Ag Animal II (13 decks)

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