Diseases of the Nasal cavity Flashcards
Mycotic nasal granuloma etiology
- Rhinosporidia
- Helminthosporidium
- Aspergillus
Clinical signs of mycotic nasal granuloma
- Stridor, progressive dyspnea, mucopurulent nasal discharge +/- epistaxis, open mouth breathing
Mycotic nasal granuloma pathogenesis
- Initial erosion of nasal mucosa
- Inoculation by agents in the environment
- Chronic delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) reaction - Granuloma
- Secondary bacterial infection
What type of hypersensitivity is a mycotic nasal granuloma
- Chronic delayed type hypersensitivity (Type IV)
Prognosis for mycotic nasal granuloma
- Debilitating but rarely fatal
Treatment for mycotic nasal granuloma
- Sx (often can’t remove)
- Sodium iodide to enhance the immune reaction (like with woody jaw or Actinomyces)
Atopic rhinitis other name
- Enzootic nasal granuloma
Etiology of atopic rhinitis
- Allergic rhinitis
- Plant and fungal antigens
Signalment for atopic rhinitis
- Any breed (for some reason increased in Holsteins and channel island breeds)
- > 6 months of age with familial predisposition
Clinical signs of atopic rhinitis
- Nasal discharge, sneezing, itchy nose, dyspnea, stertor
- Multiple white raised nodules
Ddx for atopic rhinitis
- Fungal granuloma
- Foreign body
- Viral
- Actinomycosis/actinobacillosis
Pathogenesis of atopic rhinitis
- Local immediate (type I) hypersensitivity
- Antigen leads to IgE and mast cell degranulation, epithelial/goblet cell hyperplasia
Treatment for atopic rhinitis
- Separate from antigen
- Antihistamines, corticosteroids
- Basically treat like an allergy
How might you clinically suspect nasal foreign bodies based on clinical signs?
- Sneezing, head shaking, nose rubbing, licking, stridor, ozena, discharge
- Decreased air flow
Diagnosis of nasal foreign body
- PE
- Endoscopy
- Radiology
Differentials for nasal foreign bodies
- Granuloma
- Tumor
- Actinomyces
- Bot
Treatment for nasal foreign bodies
- Remove
Clinical signs of nasal trauma
- Facial swelling
- Obstruction
- Stertorous breathing
- Epistaxis
- Ozena
Diagnosis of nasal trauma
- PE
- Radiology
Ddx for nasal trauma
- Actinomyces
- Snake bite
Treatment for nasal trauma
- Support
- Tracheostomy
- O2
- Insufflation
- Anti-inflammatories,
- Antibiotics
How common are nasal tumors?
- Rare
- Likely due to short life expectancy
Nasal tumors in cattle
- Osteoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Neuroblastoma
- Ethmoid adenocarcinoma
Sheep nasal tumors
- Adenopapilloma
- Adenoma
- Adenocarcinoma
Clinical signs of nasal tumors
- Inspiratory dyspnea
- Stridor
- Discharge
- Epistaxis
- Facial distortion
Diagnosis of nasal tumors
- Biopsy
Ddx for nasal tumors
- Actinomyces, granuloma, foreign body, etc.
Snake bite treatment?
- Shave for a tracheostomy first and put in a trach tube
- Hope for the best??
