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Anatomy > pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal arches are derived from what?

A

Neural Crest Cells

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2
Q

External parts of pharyngeal arches

Interna parts of pharyngeal arches

A

External: Arches and grooves/clefts
Internal: membranes and pouches

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3
Q

components of pharyngal arches give rise to what structures?

A

face, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and neck

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4
Q

Which 2 arches are rudimentary and not visible

A

arch 5 and 6

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5
Q

the 1st arch has what 2 components

A

mandibular and maxillary

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6
Q

what is the opposing side of a cleft?

A

pouch

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7
Q

definition of membranes

A

where ectoderm and endoderm come closest together. only small area of mesoderm in between

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8
Q

each arch has a core of?

A

mesenchyme

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9
Q

What is derived from arch 1 cartilage?

A

Maxillary process: maxillary bones (include inferior nasal conchae), zygomatic bones, vomer.

Mandibular process: mandible and squamous portion of temporal bone

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10
Q

Name for cartilage of arch 1? arch 2?

A

1: Meckel cartilage
2: Reichert cartilage

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11
Q

skeletal element derivatives of arch 1 cartilage?

A

(auditory ossicles) malleus and incus, anterior ligament of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament, and the former site of meckels cartilage (important for the mandibular canal and inferior alveolar pathway)

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12
Q

skeletal element derivatives of arch 2 cartilage?

A

(auditory ossicles) stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornu of hyoid bone.

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13
Q

skeletal element derivatives of arch 3 cartilage?

A

body of hyoid bone and greater cornu (horn) of hyoid bone

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14
Q

skeletal element derivatives of arch 4 and 6 cartilage?

A

thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

1st arch muscles

A

Muscles of mastication:
temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoid mm.

mylyhyoid m
anterior belly of digastric m
tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini mm

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16
Q

2nd arch muscles

A

Muscles of facial expression:
stapedius m
posterior belly of digastric m
stylohyoid muscle

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17
Q

3rd arch muscles

A

stylopharygneus m

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18
Q

4th arch muscles

A

pharyngeal constrictor muscles, levator veli palatini m, cricothyroid m

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19
Q

6th arch muscle

A

intrinsic mm of the larynx

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20
Q

arch 1 cranial nerve

A

trigemianal n CN V

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21
Q

arch 2 nerve

A

Facial n CN VII

22
Q

arch 3 nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal n CN IX

23
Q

Arches 4 and 6 nerve

A

Vagus n CN X

24
Q

what lines the pharyngeal pouches?

A

Endoderm

25
Q

Puch 1 derivatives

A

tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity), mastoid antrum, tubotympanic recess, endoderm of tympanic membrane

26
Q

what part of pouch 1 persists into adulthood

A

endoderm of tympanic membrane (becomes eardrum)

27
Q

the connection between the tubotypanic recess and pharynx will elongate to form the?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube ( Eustachian tube)

28
Q

the outside of the tympanic membrane is derived from what germ cells? the inside?

A

Outside: ectoderm
Inside: endoderm

29
Q

Pouch 2 derivatives

A

palatine tonsils

30
Q

palatine tonsils start as?

A

invaginations into the pouch

31
Q

Pouch 3 derivatives

A 
Dorsal Bud (top): Inferior parathyroid gland
Ventral bud (bottom): thymus
32
Q

Pouch 4 derviatives

A 
Dorsal Bud (top) superior parathyroid gland
Ventral bud (bottom): ultimopharyngeal body
33
Q

1st pharyngeal groove/cleft derivatives

A

external acoustic meatus

34
Q

2nd pharyngal groove/cleft derivatives

A

cervical sinuses that become the cervical vesicle

35
Q

where are cervical cysts often found

A

below the angle of the mandible

36
Q

the point of origin for the thyroid gland

A

foramen cecum

37
Q

____follows the thyroid gland until it reaches its final destination

A

thyroglossal ducts

38
Q

at what point does the thyroid gland stop descending

A

the hyoid bone

39
Q

where do you often find ectopic thyroid tissue

A

the former tract of the thyroglossal duct

40
Q

bridge across the center of the thyroid

A

isthmus

41
Q

name for a cysts in the tongue

A

lingual thyroglossal duct cyst

42
Q

name for a cyst in the neck

A

cervical thyroglossbal duct cyst

43
Q

the anterior 2/3 of the tongue develops from?

A

2 lateral lingual swellings and a median lingual swelling at the level of the 1st arch

44
Q

the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develops from?

A

copula (2nd arch level) and the Hypopharyngeal eminence (3rd and 4th arch level)

45
Q

how does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue develop

A

the 2 lateral lingual swellings grow, approach midline and fuse. They overgrow the median lingual swelling

46
Q

how does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develop

A

the hypo pharyngeal eminence overgrows the copula

47
Q

terminal sulcus

A

v-shaped line separating the anterior 2/3 from he posterior 1/3 of the tongue

48
Q

innervation of the anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

CN V (trigeminal nerve) from the 1st arch, CN 3 general sensory, and CN VII chords tympani (taste)

49
Q

innervation of the posterior 2/3 of tongue

A

mostly from arch 3. CNIX glossopharyngeal for general sensory and taste

50
Q

innervation of epiglottis

A

arch 4. CNX vagus for general sensory and taste

51
Q

motor innervation for tongue

A

CN XII hypoglossal nerve

Anatomy (12 decks)

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