pharyngeal arches

Question 1

Pharyngeal arches are derived from what?

Answer 1

Neural Crest Cells

Question 2

External parts of pharyngeal arches

Interna parts of pharyngeal arches

Answer 2

External: Arches and grooves/clefts
Internal: membranes and pouches

Question 3

components of pharyngal arches give rise to what structures?

Answer 3

face, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and neck

Question 4

Which 2 arches are rudimentary and not visible

Answer 4

arch 5 and 6

Question 5

the 1st arch has what 2 components

Answer 5

mandibular and maxillary

Question 6

what is the opposing side of a cleft?

Answer 6

pouch

Question 7

definition of membranes

Answer 7

where ectoderm and endoderm come closest together. only small area of mesoderm in between

Question 8

each arch has a core of?

Answer 8

mesenchyme

Question 9

What is derived from arch 1 cartilage?

Answer 9

Maxillary process: maxillary bones (include inferior nasal conchae), zygomatic bones, vomer.

Mandibular process: mandible and squamous portion of temporal bone

Question 10

Name for cartilage of arch 1? arch 2?

Answer 10

1: Meckel cartilage
2: Reichert cartilage

Question 11

skeletal element derivatives of arch 1 cartilage?

Answer 11

(auditory ossicles) malleus and incus, anterior ligament of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament, and the former site of meckels cartilage (important for the mandibular canal and inferior alveolar pathway)

Question 12

skeletal element derivatives of arch 2 cartilage?

Answer 12

(auditory ossicles) stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornu of hyoid bone.

Question 13

skeletal element derivatives of arch 3 cartilage?

Answer 13

body of hyoid bone and greater cornu (horn) of hyoid bone

Question 14

skeletal element derivatives of arch 4 and 6 cartilage?

Answer 14

thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

Question 15

1st arch muscles

Answer 15

Muscles of mastication:
temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoid mm.

mylyhyoid m
anterior belly of digastric m
tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini mm

Question 16

2nd arch muscles

Answer 16

Muscles of facial expression:
stapedius m
posterior belly of digastric m
stylohyoid muscle

Question 17

3rd arch muscles

Answer 17

stylopharygneus m

Question 18

4th arch muscles

Answer 18

pharyngeal constrictor muscles, levator veli palatini m, cricothyroid m

Question 19

6th arch muscle

Answer 19

intrinsic mm of the larynx

Question 20

arch 1 cranial nerve

Answer 20

trigemianal n CN V

Question 21

arch 2 nerve

Answer 21

Facial n CN VII

Question 22

arch 3 nerve

Answer 22

Glossopharyngeal n CN IX

Question 23

Arches 4 and 6 nerve

Answer 23

Vagus n CN X

Question 24

what lines the pharyngeal pouches?

Answer 24

Endoderm

Question 25

Puch 1 derivatives

Answer 25

tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity), mastoid antrum, tubotympanic recess, endoderm of tympanic membrane

Question 26

what part of pouch 1 persists into adulthood

Answer 26

endoderm of tympanic membrane (becomes eardrum)

Question 27

the connection between the tubotypanic recess and pharynx will elongate to form the?

Answer 27

Pharyngotympanic tube ( Eustachian tube)

Question 28

the outside of the tympanic membrane is derived from what germ cells? the inside?

Answer 28

Outside: ectoderm Inside: endoderm

Question 29

Pouch 2 derivatives

Answer 29

palatine tonsils

Question 30

palatine tonsils start as?

Answer 30

invaginations into the pouch

Question 31

Pouch 3 derivatives

Answer 31

``` Dorsal Bud (top): Inferior parathyroid gland Ventral bud (bottom): thymus ```

Question 32

Pouch 4 derviatives

Answer 32

``` Dorsal Bud (top) superior parathyroid gland Ventral bud (bottom): ultimopharyngeal body ```

Question 33

1st pharyngeal groove/cleft derivatives

Answer 33

external acoustic meatus

Question 34

2nd pharyngal groove/cleft derivatives

Answer 34

cervical sinuses that become the cervical vesicle

Question 35

where are cervical cysts often found

Answer 35

below the angle of the mandible

Question 36

the point of origin for the thyroid gland

Answer 36

foramen cecum

Question 37

____follows the thyroid gland until it reaches its final destination

Answer 37

thyroglossal ducts

Question 38

at what point does the thyroid gland stop descending

Answer 38

the hyoid bone

Question 39

where do you often find ectopic thyroid tissue

Answer 39

the former tract of the thyroglossal duct

Question 40

bridge across the center of the thyroid

Answer 40

isthmus

Question 41

name for a cysts in the tongue

Answer 41

lingual thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 42

name for a cyst in the neck

Answer 42

cervical thyroglossbal duct cyst

Question 43

the anterior 2/3 of the tongue develops from?

Answer 43

2 lateral lingual swellings and a median lingual swelling at the level of the 1st arch

Question 44

the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develops from?

Answer 44

copula (2nd arch level) and the Hypopharyngeal eminence (3rd and 4th arch level)

Question 45

how does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue develop

Answer 45

the 2 lateral lingual swellings grow, approach midline and fuse. They overgrow the median lingual swelling

Question 46

how does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develop

Answer 46

the hypo pharyngeal eminence overgrows the copula

Question 47

terminal sulcus

Answer 47

v-shaped line separating the anterior 2/3 from he posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 48

innervation of the anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 48

CN V (trigeminal nerve) from the 1st arch, CN 3 general sensory, and CN VII chords tympani (taste)

Question 49

innervation of the posterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 49

mostly from arch 3. CNIX glossopharyngeal for general sensory and taste

Question 50

innervation of epiglottis

Answer 50

arch 4. CNX vagus for general sensory and taste

Question 51

motor innervation for tongue

Answer 51

CN XII hypoglossal nerve