Nervous system development

Question 1

neurons in the ____ layer of the spinal cord get organized into _____

Answer 1

mantle layer; four plates

Question 2

Alar plates (dorsal; blue) develop into

Answer 2

association neurons

Question 3

where are alar plates located

Answer 3

dorsal sensory horn

Question 4

alar plates receie synapses from _____ from the ________ in the ______

Answer 4

afferent fibers; sensory neurons; dorsal oot ganglion

Question 5

Basal plates (ventral; red) develop into

Answer 5

somatic motor neurons of the spinal cord

Question 6

Basal plates are located in the

Answer 6

ventral horn

Question 7

bala plates innervate

Answer 7

somatic nervous structures like voluntary muscles of he body wall and extremities

Question 8

what spinal levels do you see an intermediate horn

Answer 8

thoracic, L1 and L2, and S2-4

Question 9

another name for intermediate horn

Answer 9

interomediallateral cell columns

Question 10

the intermediate horn in the thoracic and lumbar levels contain

Answer 10

visceral motor neurons that constitute the autonomic motor neurons of the sympathetic division

Question 11

the intermediate horn in the sacral region contains

Answer 11

visceral motor neuron of the parasympathetic division

Question 12

3 main swellings during development

Answer 12

1. Prosencephalon - lead to forebrain
2. Mesencephalon- midbrain
3. Rhombencephalon- hindbrain

Question 13

5 secondary swellings of the neural tube during development

Answer 13

1. telencephalon- cerebral hemispheres
2. diencephalon- thalamus and hypothalamus
3. mesencephalon- midbrain
4. mesencephalon- pons and cerebellum
5. myelencephaon- medulla

Question 14

the ____ of the neural tube enlarges in the brain to form ventricles

Answer 14

lumen

Question 15

ventricles

Answer 15

series of interconnected chambers where CSF is produced

Question 16

as you move to higher centers in the brainstem there is an accentuation of ____ and a regression of_____

Answer 16

alar plates (accentuation), basal plates (regression)

Question 17

all 12 cranial except which 2 have nuclei located in the basal or alar columns of the brainstem

Answer 17

CN 1 olfactory and CN 2 optic

Question 18

which CN are somatic efferent

Answer 18

CN 3, 4, 6, and 12

Question 19

which CN are special visceral efferent

Answer 19

CN 5, 7, 9, 10, and 11

Question 20

which cranial nerves are general visceral efferent

Answer 20

CN 3, 9, and 10

Question 21

which cranial nerves are general visceral afferent

Answer 21

10

Question 22

which cranial nerves are special visceral afferent

Answer 22

7, 9, and 8

Question 23

which cranial nerves are somatic afferent

Answer 23

5, 7, and 9

Question 24

alar plates (blue) are… while basal plates (red) are

Answer 24

alar plates: afferent

basal: efferent

Question 25

transition zone

Answer 25

the medulla is the transition zone between brainstem and spinal cord; its posterior walls are flipped laterally juxtaposing basal and alar plates

Question 26

roof plate is formed by

Answer 26

layer of ependymal cells covered by layer of pia matar

Question 27

choroid plexus attaches

Answer 27

to roof plate within 4th ventricle

Question 28

3 motor columns of basal plate

Answer 28

1. somatic efferent- tongue
2. special visceral efferent- pharyngeal arch muscles
3. general visceral efferent- autonomic output

Question 29

4 sensory columns of alar plates

Answer 29

1. general visceral afferent- autonomic input
2. special visceral afferent- taste
3. somatic afferent- general sensation of face and ear
4. olivary nucleus- cerebelar input

Question 30

rhombic lips

Answer 30

dorsal lateral parts of alar plates grow into this in the pons

Question 31

the pons has no ____ but instead a ____

Answer 31

olivary nucleus, pontine nuclei

Question 32

what is the cerebellum derived from

Answer 32

alar plates of the mesencephalon and adjacent rhombic lips

Question 33

cerebellar plates

Answer 33

the first signs of development of cerebellum (when rhombic lips are pressed together)

Question 34

vermis

Answer 34

when cranial portion of growing cerebellar plates meet cross the midline. the 2 hemispheres from out from this

Question 35

in the mesencephalon (midbrain) the somatic efferent basal plates are responsible for

Answer 35

motor output to extraoccular msucles

Question 36

in the mesencephalon (midbrain) the visceral efferent basal plates are responsible for

Answer 36

motor output to ciliary ganglion of the eye

Question 37

the marginal layer around the basal plates in the mesencephalon enlarge to form the

Answer 37

crus cerebri

Question 38

basal plates in the mesencephalon organize themselves to form the

Answer 38

red nucleus or nuclei ruber

Question 39

superior colliculus comes from the?? and is responsible for??

Answer 39

alar plates in the mesencephalon. Visual relay

Question 40

the posterior colliculus comes from the?? and is responsible for??

Answer 40

alar plates in the mesencephalon. auditory relay

Question 41

what forms the epiphysis (pineal)

Answer 41

roof plate

Question 42

the development of ____ is characterized by two swellings on the lateral walls of the third ventricle

Answer 42

diencephalon

Question 43

hypothalamic sulcus

Answer 43

grooves in the alar plates that divide the thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 44

outgrowths of the telencephalon form the

Answer 44

cerebral hemispheres

Question 45

the ganglionic eminences of the telencephalon give rise to

Answer 45

the basal ganglion

Question 46

as growing hemispheres of the telencephalon press against walls of the diencephalon the

Answer 46

neural tissue to the thamaus becomes continuous with the floor of the cerebral hemisphere creating the INTERNAL CAPSULE (bundle of axons crossing)

Question 47

peripheral nervous system ganglion are derived from

Answer 47

neural crest cells

Question 48

cranial nerves associated with brainstem

Answer 48

3-12

Question 49

cranial nerves associated with cerebral cortex

Answer 49

1

Question 50

cranial nerves associated with diencephalon

Answer 50

2

Question 51

the growth of the cerebral hemispheres…

Answer 51

continues through development and after birth. at first its smooth and then forms gyro and sulci

Question 52

which part of the brainstem does not contain all six modalities

Answer 52

midbrain: contains only somatic efferent and general visceral efferent

Question 53

the hindbrain splits into 8 _____ to give rise to the motor nuclei of cranial nerves

Answer 53

rhombomeres

Question 54

sensory nuclei of cranial nerves are derived from

Answer 54

ectodermal places and neural crest cells