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Anatomy > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Subdivisions of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

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2
Q

Name for a collection of neuron cell bodies

A

CNs: nucleus
PNS:ganglion

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3
Q

Names for axons in the CNS and PNS

A

CNS: Tract, Lemniscus, Peduncle (white mater)
PNS: Nerve

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4
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side of

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5
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side of

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6
Q

bilateral

A

both sides

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7
Q

decussation

A

nerve fibers cross the midline in dissimilar areas (corticospinal tract)

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8
Q

commissure

A

nerve fibers cross the midline in similar areas (right frontal cortex connecting to left frontal cortex)

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9
Q

saggital plane

A

midline

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10
Q

parasagittal plane

A

parallel to midline

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11
Q

corneal/frontal plane

A

parallel to long axis of body

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12
Q

transverse/horiztal

A

perpendicular to long axis of body

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13
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters

A

glutamate (main one in brain), dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine (usually)

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14
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA

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15
Q

Neuropeptides

A

small protein-like molecules (peptides) used by neurons to communicate with each other
ACTH, Substance P

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16
Q

Names of the ridges and grooves of the brain

A

Ridges: gyri
Grooves: Sulci (deep ones are fissures)

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17
Q

5 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, (Limbic)

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18
Q

Sulcus that divides the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes

A

Lateral Sulcus

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19
Q

Sulcus that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

A

Central Sulcus

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20
Q

Sulcus that divides the occipital love from the parietal lobe

A

parietooccipital sulcus

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21
Q

Functions of frontal lobe

A

Motor, motor aspects of spoken language (left), organizational/executive functions (personality, foresight, insight)

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22
Q

Function sof parietal lobe

A

sensory, language comprehension (left), complex spatial orientation and directing attention

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23
Q

Functions of temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex, language compression (left), visual information processing (recognizing faces), memory/learning

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24
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A

vision, visual information processing

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25
Q

Functions of limbic “lobe”

A

Emotional responses, drive related behavior and memory (consist of cingulate and parahippocampal gyri)

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26
Q

Divisions of Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus and subthalams

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27
Q

Location and function of the Thalamus

A

Location: above the brainstem between the cerebral cortex and midbrain.
Function: air traffic controller, receives and sends motor and sensory info (not smell) to the cerebral cortex

It is an ovoid gray matter mass consisting of multiple nuclei

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28
Q

Masa intermedia

A

or inter thalamic adhesion, area of thalamic fusion across midline (not in all brains)

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29
Q

hypothalamic sulcus

A

where the thalamus and hypothalamus meet

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30
Q

parts of the brain involved in motor system “loops”

A

cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus

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31
Q

location of hypothalamus

A

in wall of third ventricle

collection of sub nuclei

32
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

master regulator of autonomic nervous system (fight vs flight) and endocrine system

it is connected to the pituitary vis the infundibular stalk

33
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

white matter adjacent to cortex, involved in movement control

34
Q

major components of the basal ganglia

A

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

35
Q

internal capsule

A

separates the basal ganglia from the thalamus, a fiber bundle interconnecting cortex and deep structures

36
Q

functions of brainstem

A

Convey information to and from the cerebrum, cranial nerves (3-12), integrated function like reflexes/vital functions

37
Q

three subdivisions of brainestem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

38
Q

cranial nerves of 1)midbrain 2)pons 3)medull

A

1)midbrain: 3-4 2)pons: 5-8 3)medulla: 9-12

39
Q

cranial nerve 5

A

pain to the face and mouth

40
Q

cranial nerve 7

A

muscles of facial expression

41
Q

cranial nerve 1

A

olfactory nerve, consists of bundle of axons that terminate in olfactory bulb (doesn’t go to the thalamus)

42
Q

cranial nerve 2

A

optic nere, part of the CNS, joins to form optic chiasm

43
Q

embryological origin of cranial nerve 2

A

diencephalon

44
Q

flocculus

A

sulci in the cerebellm

45
Q

Choroid plexus

A

specialized epithelium that makes Cerebral spinal fluid and introduces it to the ventricles

46
Q

cerebral spinal fluid function

A

suspends brain, regulates extracellular fluid composition and route by which certain chemical messengers are distributed

47
Q

walls of third ventricle

A

hypothalamus and thalamus

48
Q

aqueduct

A

very small chamber in the midbrain where fluid flows from the lateral and 3rd to the 4th ventricle

49
Q

Forman of Magendie

A

drains the css from the 4th ventricle into the cisterns magna

50
Q

arachnoid granulation (villi)

A

projections of the arachnoid membrane into the dural sinuses. allows css to flow from the subarachnoid space into the venous system

CSF fluid pressure greater than venous pressure

51
Q

three meningeal layers

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater (pia mater + arachnoid mater = leptomeninges)

52
Q

Dura mater

A

outermost and toughest meningeal layer

53
Q

subarachnoid mater

A

space between arachnoid and pia that contains csf

54
Q

pia mater

A

innermost meningeal later, attached to cns

55
Q

supratentorial space

A

area located above the tenorium cerebella. region that contains the cerebrum

56
Q

infratentorial space

A

space that contains the cerebellum and brainstem

57
Q

parts of the lateral ventricle

A

anterior horn, body, atrium, posterior horn

58
Q

falx cerebri

A

dura mater that is in-between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain

59
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. meets at the back of the skull

60
Q

dura septa

A

falx cerebri, tentotium cerebelli, superior saggiato sinus

61
Q

transverse sinuses

A

paired structures located at the line of attachment of the tenorium to the dura covering of brain

62
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A

site where fall cerebra attaches to the dura overlying the cerebral convexities

63
Q

confluence of sinuses

A

location where the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus drains

64
Q

where do the superficial venous systems drain? deep venous systems?

A

superficial: on the cerebral surface into the superior sagittal sinus
deep: drains internal structures. empties into the straight sinusq

65
Q

what system supplies blood to the cerebrum

A

internal carotid system

66
Q

what system supplies blood to the posterior fossa structures and the interior temporal and occipital lobes

A

vertebral system

67
Q

what connects the internal carotid and vertebral systems

A

the circle of willis (provides means of collateral flow). blood usually does not flow around the circle of willis

68
Q

most importanta anastomoses in the brain. helps prevent stroke

A

circle of willis

69
Q

what arteries arise from the internal coratid arteries (ICA)

A

middle cerebral arteries (MCA), the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), and the posterior communicating arteries (Pcom)

70
Q

what artery joins the internal coratid arteries (ICA) with the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)

A

posterior communicating arteries (Pcom)

71
Q

the vertebral artery becomes the ____ at the top of the pons posterior cerebral artery

A

posterior cerebral artery

72
Q

branches of the vertebral arteries (VA)

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), anterior spinal artery (ASA), and the posterior spinal artery

73
Q

vertebral arteries fuse at the ____ to form the basilar artery

A

pontomedullary junction

74
Q

basilar artery bifurcates and terminates into

A

posterior cerebral arteries

75
Q

the anterior cerebral arteries are connected by

A

the anterior communicating artery (Acom)

76
Q

posterior intermediate sulcus is only found above what spinal level

A

T6

77
Q

anterior median fissure holds

A

anterior spinal artery

Anatomy (12 decks)

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