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Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Subdivisions of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

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2
Q

Name for a collection of neuron cell bodies

A

CNs: nucleus
PNS:ganglion

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3
Q

Names for axons in the CNS and PNS

A

CNS: Tract, Lemniscus, Peduncle (white mater)
PNS: Nerve

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4
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side of

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5
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side of

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6
Q

bilateral

A

both sides

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7
Q

decussation

A

nerve fibers cross the midline in dissimilar areas (corticospinal tract)

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8
Q

commissure

A

nerve fibers cross the midline in similar areas (right frontal cortex connecting to left frontal cortex)

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9
Q

saggital plane

A

midline

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10
Q

parasagittal plane

A

parallel to midline

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11
Q

corneal/frontal plane

A

parallel to long axis of body

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12
Q

transverse/horiztal

A

perpendicular to long axis of body

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13
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters

A

glutamate (main one in brain), dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine (usually)

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14
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA

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15
Q

Neuropeptides

A

small protein-like molecules (peptides) used by neurons to communicate with each other
ACTH, Substance P

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16
Q

Names of the ridges and grooves of the brain

A

Ridges: gyri
Grooves: Sulci (deep ones are fissures)

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17
Q

5 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, (Limbic)

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18
Q

Sulcus that divides the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes

A

Lateral Sulcus

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19
Q

Sulcus that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

A

Central Sulcus

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20
Q

Sulcus that divides the occipital love from the parietal lobe

A

parietooccipital sulcus

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21
Q

Functions of frontal lobe

A

Motor, motor aspects of spoken language (left), organizational/executive functions (personality, foresight, insight)

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22
Q

Function sof parietal lobe

A

sensory, language comprehension (left), complex spatial orientation and directing attention

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23
Q

Functions of temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex, language compression (left), visual information processing (recognizing faces), memory/learning

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24
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A

vision, visual information processing

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25
Functions of limbic "lobe"
Emotional responses, drive related behavior and memory (consist of cingulate and parahippocampal gyri)
26
Divisions of Diencephalon
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus and subthalams
27
Location and function of the Thalamus
Location: above the brainstem between the cerebral cortex and midbrain. Function: air traffic controller, receives and sends motor and sensory info (not smell) to the cerebral cortex It is an ovoid gray matter mass consisting of multiple nuclei
28
Masa intermedia
or inter thalamic adhesion, area of thalamic fusion across midline (not in all brains)
29
hypothalamic sulcus
where the thalamus and hypothalamus meet
30
parts of the brain involved in motor system "loops"
cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus
31
location of hypothalamus
in wall of third ventricle | collection of sub nuclei
32
function of hypothalamus
master regulator of autonomic nervous system (fight vs flight) and endocrine system it is connected to the pituitary vis the infundibular stalk
33
Basal Ganglia
white matter adjacent to cortex, involved in movement control
34
major components of the basal ganglia
caudate, putamen, globus pallidus
35
internal capsule
separates the basal ganglia from the thalamus, a fiber bundle interconnecting cortex and deep structures
36
functions of brainstem
Convey information to and from the cerebrum, cranial nerves (3-12), integrated function like reflexes/vital functions
37
three subdivisions of brainestem
midbrain, pons, medulla
38
cranial nerves of 1)midbrain 2)pons 3)medull
1)midbrain: 3-4 2)pons: 5-8 3)medulla: 9-12
39
cranial nerve 5
pain to the face and mouth
40
cranial nerve 7
muscles of facial expression
41
cranial nerve 1
olfactory nerve, consists of bundle of axons that terminate in olfactory bulb (doesn't go to the thalamus)
42
cranial nerve 2
optic nere, part of the CNS, joins to form optic chiasm
43
embryological origin of cranial nerve 2
diencephalon
44
flocculus
sulci in the cerebellm
45
Choroid plexus
specialized epithelium that makes Cerebral spinal fluid and introduces it to the ventricles
46
cerebral spinal fluid function
suspends brain, regulates extracellular fluid composition and route by which certain chemical messengers are distributed
47
walls of third ventricle
hypothalamus and thalamus
48
aqueduct
very small chamber in the midbrain where fluid flows from the lateral and 3rd to the 4th ventricle
49
Forman of Magendie
drains the css from the 4th ventricle into the cisterns magna
50
arachnoid granulation (villi)
projections of the arachnoid membrane into the dural sinuses. allows css to flow from the subarachnoid space into the venous system CSF fluid pressure greater than venous pressure
51
three meningeal layers
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater (pia mater + arachnoid mater = leptomeninges)
52
Dura mater
outermost and toughest meningeal layer
53
subarachnoid mater
space between arachnoid and pia that contains csf
54
pia mater
innermost meningeal later, attached to cns
55
supratentorial space
area located above the tenorium cerebella. region that contains the cerebrum
56
infratentorial space
space that contains the cerebellum and brainstem
57
parts of the lateral ventricle
anterior horn, body, atrium, posterior horn
58
falx cerebri
dura mater that is in-between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain
59
tentorium cerebelli
dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. meets at the back of the skull
60
dura septa
falx cerebri, tentotium cerebelli, superior saggiato sinus
61
transverse sinuses
paired structures located at the line of attachment of the tenorium to the dura covering of brain
62
superior sagittal sinus
site where fall cerebra attaches to the dura overlying the cerebral convexities
63
confluence of sinuses
location where the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus drains
64
where do the superficial venous systems drain? deep venous systems?
superficial: on the cerebral surface into the superior sagittal sinus deep: drains internal structures. empties into the straight sinusq
65
what system supplies blood to the cerebrum
internal carotid system
66
what system supplies blood to the posterior fossa structures and the interior temporal and occipital lobes
vertebral system
67
what connects the internal carotid and vertebral systems
the circle of willis (provides means of collateral flow). blood usually does not flow around the circle of willis
68
most importanta anastomoses in the brain. helps prevent stroke
circle of willis
69
what arteries arise from the internal coratid arteries (ICA)
middle cerebral arteries (MCA), the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), and the posterior communicating arteries (Pcom)
70
what artery joins the internal coratid arteries (ICA) with the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)
posterior communicating arteries (Pcom)
71
the vertebral artery becomes the ____ at the top of the pons posterior cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery
72
branches of the vertebral arteries (VA)
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), anterior spinal artery (ASA), and the posterior spinal artery
73
vertebral arteries fuse at the ____ to form the basilar artery
pontomedullary junction
74
basilar artery bifurcates and terminates into
posterior cerebral arteries
75
the anterior cerebral arteries are connected by
the anterior communicating artery (Acom)
76
posterior intermediate sulcus is only found above what spinal level
T6
77
anterior median fissure holds
anterior spinal artery

Anatomy (12 decks)

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