brainstem and reticular formation

Question 1

blood supply of brainstem

Answer 1

vertebral-basilar system

Question 2

the reticular formation is the

Answer 2

central core of the brainstem

Question 3

the reticular formation extends into the ____ as the ____

Answer 3

cerebrum as the hypothalamus

Question 4

reticular formation regulates

Answer 4

posture, stereotypic motor behaviors, internal environment, pain regulation, sleep and wakefulness, and emotional tone

Question 5

reticular formation nuclei

Answer 5

raphe or median, paramedian or medial and lateral

Question 6

reticular formation neurons are extensive and can innervate

Answer 6

multiple levels of the spinal cord, brainstem, and thalamus

Question 7

what are the two reiculospinal tracts

Answer 7

medial: pons; ipsilateral and descends in anterior funiculus

2. lateral: medulla; descends bilaterally in lateral funiculus

Question 8

the reticular formation is a major alternative to the

Answer 8

corticospinal tract

Question 9

what regulates spinal reflexes

Answer 9

reticular formation

Question 10

what is a pattern generator

Answer 10

reticular formation

Question 11

gaze centers of the reticular formation

Answer 11

midbrain: vertical gaze center

pontine horiztonal gaze center

Question 12

medulla vital center

Answer 12

heart rate, respiration, and swallowing

Question 13

bruxism in sleep

Answer 13

all muscles are in a state of atonia (mediated by reticular spinal tract)

Question 14

bruzism

Answer 14

jaw muscles are co contracted

Question 15

peripheral causes of bruxism

Answer 15

malocclusion

Question 16

central cause of bruxism

Answer 16

input to supratrigeminal nucleus

Question 17

pain suppressors

Answer 17

periaqueductal gray and reticular formation

Question 18

the periaqueuctal gray receives pain info from

Answer 18

spinomesencephalic fibers

Question 19

opiate receptors are abundant in the

Answer 19

PAG, raphe, and posterior horn of cord

Question 20

the raphe can inhibit _____ directly or indirectly by activating _____

Answer 20

spinothalamic tract, interneurons

Question 21

heart rate and blood pressure control in

Answer 21

medulla

Question 22

ascending reticular activation system maintains

Answer 22

consciousness; not an anatomic structure; sleep-wakefulness cycle

Question 23

neurochimcals in brainstem

Answer 23

norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin

Question 24

neurochemicals in hypothalamus

Answer 24

histamine

Question 25

neurochemicals in telencephalon

Answer 25

acetylcholine