Pharmocology

Question 1

DMARDs

Answer 1

Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Agents

Used for rheumatic disease - early in he progression of the disease. Inhibit the immune response.
Ex: Rheumatrex (methotrexate), arava (lefunomide), antimalarial, plaquenl (hydroxychloroquine), gold componds, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors

High incidence of toxicity

Question 2

Glucocorticoid

Answer 2

Corticosteroids: hormonal, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects to suppress articular and systemic disease.

Dermacot (hydrocorsone or cortisol), cordrol (prednisone), medrol methylprednisolone), decadrol (dexamethasone), nasonex (mometasone)

Question 3

Major Side effects of Corticosteroids

Answer 3

immune suppression, mm atrophy, GI distress, glaucoma, adrenocortical suppression, Cushing syndrome, weakening with breakdown of supporting tissues, osteoporosis, tendon rupture/laxity/weakness, HTN,

Signs of toxicity: moon face, buffalo hump, and personality hanges

Question 4

Nonopiod agents

Answer 4

analgesia, pain relief, some produce anti-inflammatory effects, some initiate anti-pyretic (fever reducing) properties

Question 5

Acetaminophen

Answer 5

Tylenol - nonopioid agent, no inflammation properties - reduces fever (anti-pyretic)

Question 6

Acetylsalicylic acid

Answer 6

Aspirin - non opiod agent, anti-inflammatory and reduction of risk of myocardial infarction
Potential of Reye syndrome in children

Question 7

Naproxen

Answer 7

Aleve - anti-inflammatory non opiod agent

Question 8

Celeoxib

Answer 8

Celebrex - anti-inflammatory non opiod agent

Question 9

Opiod agents

Answer 9

Narcotics - for acute severe pain - stimulates receptors in CNS - dependency and withdrawal symptoms

Side effets: sedation, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, dependence and tolerance, respiratory depression,

Treatment should be scheduled 2 hours after administration

Examples: morphine, demerol (meperidine), oxycontin (oxycodone), sublimaze (fentanyl), Paveral (codeine)

Question 10

Antiepileptic agents (types and side effects)

Answer 10

Types: barbiturates, benzodiazepines, carboxylic acids, hydantoins, iminostilbenes, succinimides, and second generation drugs

Side effects: ataxia, skin issues, behavioral hanges, GI, HA, vision changes, weight gain

Dilantin (phenytoin), Neurontin (gabapentin), seconal (secobarviatl), klonopin (clonazepam), depakote (valproic acicd),

Question 11

Antispasticity agents

Answer 11

Side effects: drowsiness, confusion, HA, dizziness, generalized muscle weakness, heaptotoxicity (Dantrium), tolerance, dependence

Types: lioresal (baclofen), valium (diazepam), dantrium (dantrolene), zanaflex (tizanidine)

Question 12

Dopamine Relacement Agents

Answer 12

For parkinson’s disease. Able to cross the blood brain barrier

Side effects, arrhythmias (levadopa), GI distress, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias, mood/behavioral changes

Examlples: Sinemet or madopar (levadopa), symmetrel (amanadine)

Question 13

Muscle relaxant agents

Answer 13

for mm spasms due to musculoskeletal or peripheral nerve injuries

Examples: valium (diazepam), flexerile cyclobenzaprine), paraflex (chlorzoxazone)

Question 14

Ionto - Copper Sulfate

Answer 14

Positive. For fungal infections

Question 15

Ionto - Lidocaine

Answer 15

Positive. For pain and inflammation

Question 16

Ionto - Magnesium Sulfate

Answer 16

Positive. For mm spasms

Question 17

Ionto - Zinc Oxide

Answer 17

Positive For healing, dermal ulcers and wounds

Question 18

Ionto - Acetic Acid

Answer 18

Negative. For Calcium deposits and myositis ossificans

Question 19

Ionto - Calcim Cloride

Answer 19

Negative. For scars, keloid, and mm spasms

Question 20

Ionto - Iodine

Answer 20

Negative. For scars and adhesive capsulitis

Question 21

Ionto - Salicycates

Answer 21

Negative. For mm and jt pain, and plantar warts