Cardio Pulm 2 Flashcards
Active cycle of breathing
Breathing control: 5-10 sec of normal breathing
Thoracic Expansion: 3-4 deep slow breaths with passive exhalation (may be combined with purcussions/ vibrations)
Forced Expiratory technique: one or two huffs with glottis open.
Autogenic Drainage
pt sitting upright in chair
unsticking phase: breathe in through nose followed by 2-3 second hold, exhale
collecting phase: breath at tidal volume followed by 2-3sec breath holds
Evacuation phase: deeper inspirations, with breath holding followed by huff.
High frequency airway oscillation
hand held devices that combine positive expiratory pressure with high frequency vibrations to mobilize secretions
Diaphragmatic breathing
breathing predominatly with diaphragm while minimizing accessory muscle and motion of the upper rib cage.
Inspiratory muscle training: 2 devices
flow resistive: inhale through tubes of varying diameter
Threshold breathing: inhale through tube with valve that opens at certain pressure
Pursed lip breathing
breathin in slowly though nose, pucker lips, gently breath out.
good for reducing dyspnea/ respiratory rate, increase positive airway pressure
Segmental breathing
firm pressure at end of exhalation, expand ribcage into therapists hands, reduce hand pressure with inhalation
Reverse Trendelenberg
supine with head above trunk and LE»>decreased weight on abdominal contents/ diaphragm
Fowlers positions (high to low)
High-Fowlers: supine HOB 80-90deg
Fowlers: supine HOB 45-60
Semi-Fowlers: supine HOB elev 30-45 deg,
Low Fowlers: Supine HOB 15-30deg
Trendelenburg position
supine with feet 15-30 deg higher than head
Cor Pulmonale
hypertrophy of the R ventricle caused by altered structure/ function of the lungs
Rheumatic fever
inflammatory disease that can develop as complicaiotn of strep throat
Bronchitis
inflamm of the bronchi characterized by hypertrophy of the mucus secreting glands
Pulmonary edema
fluid collects in alveoli making it difficult to breath
angina
transient precordial sensation of pressure or discomfort from myocardial ischemia
Atelectasis
one of more area of lung collapse of fail to inflat properly
endocarditis
inflamm of the endothelium that lines the heart and cardiac valves
athlerosclerosis
slow progressive accumulation of fatty plaques on the inner walls of the arteries
asthma
chronic inflamm of the airways caused by increased airway sensitivity to various stimuli
myocarditis
inflamm and weakness of the heart muscle
Cystic Fibrosis
an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of the exocrine glands
ARDS
respiratory failure due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli
Heart sounds: S1
closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the onset of systole (normal)
Heart sounds: S2
Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves at the onset of diastole (normal)
Heart sounds: S3
vibrations of the distended ventricle walls due to passive flow of blood from the atria during systole (abnormal in healthy adults)
Heart sounds: murmur
Vibrations of longer duration than the heart sounds due to disrupted blood flow past a stenotic or regurgitant valve (abnormal)
Heart sounds: S4
pathologic sound of vibration of the ventricle walls with ventricular filling and atrial contraction (abnormal)
ECG: QRS
time for both ventricular depolarization and repolorazation
ECG: T
Ventricular repolarization
ECG: P
atrial depolarization
ECG: PR
Time for atrial depolarization and conduction from the SA node to the AV node
ECG: ST
Isoelectric period following the QRS complex
ECG: QT
Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolorization
pH values
7.4 (7.35-7.45)
PaCO2
measure ventilation: 40mmHg at sea level
PaO2
Measures O2 in artierial blood: 97 mmHg at sea level
HCO3
bicarbonate: important in chemical buffering system: keeps blood from becoming to acidic or basic: 24 mEq/L (22-26)
SaO2
% O2 saturation of hemoglobin (how well lungs are functioning to oxengenate blood: 95-98%
Acidemia
pH<7.35
Alkalemia
pH> 7.45
Eucapnia
normal level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 of 35-45mmHg)
Hypercapnia
elevated level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 >45mmHg)
Hypocapnia
low level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 <35mmHG)
Hypoxemia
low level of O2 in arterial blood (PaO2 <40
Hypoxia
low level of O2 in the tissue despite adequate perfusion of the tissue
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
tests how quickly blood clots: 26.3-39.4 sec PTT is more sensitive than PT (prothrombin time)
