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NPTE Prep > Cardio Pulm 2 > Flashcards

Cardio Pulm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Active cycle of breathing

A

Breathing control: 5-10 sec of normal breathing
Thoracic Expansion: 3-4 deep slow breaths with passive exhalation (may be combined with purcussions/ vibrations)
Forced Expiratory technique: one or two huffs with glottis open.

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2
Q

Autogenic Drainage

A

pt sitting upright in chair
unsticking phase: breathe in through nose followed by 2-3 second hold, exhale
collecting phase: breath at tidal volume followed by 2-3sec breath holds
Evacuation phase: deeper inspirations, with breath holding followed by huff.

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3
Q

High frequency airway oscillation

A

hand held devices that combine positive expiratory pressure with high frequency vibrations to mobilize secretions

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4
Q

Diaphragmatic breathing

A

breathing predominatly with diaphragm while minimizing accessory muscle and motion of the upper rib cage.

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5
Q

Inspiratory muscle training: 2 devices

A

flow resistive: inhale through tubes of varying diameter

Threshold breathing: inhale through tube with valve that opens at certain pressure

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6
Q

Pursed lip breathing

A

breathin in slowly though nose, pucker lips, gently breath out.
good for reducing dyspnea/ respiratory rate, increase positive airway pressure

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7
Q

Segmental breathing

A

firm pressure at end of exhalation, expand ribcage into therapists hands, reduce hand pressure with inhalation

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8
Q

Reverse Trendelenberg

A

supine with head above trunk and LE»>decreased weight on abdominal contents/ diaphragm

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9
Q

Fowlers positions (high to low)

A

High-Fowlers: supine HOB 80-90deg
Fowlers: supine HOB 45-60
Semi-Fowlers: supine HOB elev 30-45 deg,
Low Fowlers: Supine HOB 15-30deg

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10
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

supine with feet 15-30 deg higher than head

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11
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

hypertrophy of the R ventricle caused by altered structure/ function of the lungs

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12
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

inflammatory disease that can develop as complicaiotn of strep throat

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13
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflamm of the bronchi characterized by hypertrophy of the mucus secreting glands

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14
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

fluid collects in alveoli making it difficult to breath

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15
Q

angina

A

transient precordial sensation of pressure or discomfort from myocardial ischemia

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16
Q

Atelectasis

A

one of more area of lung collapse of fail to inflat properly

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17
Q

endocarditis

A

inflamm of the endothelium that lines the heart and cardiac valves

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18
Q

athlerosclerosis

A

slow progressive accumulation of fatty plaques on the inner walls of the arteries

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19
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflamm of the airways caused by increased airway sensitivity to various stimuli

20
Q

myocarditis

A

inflamm and weakness of the heart muscle

21
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of the exocrine glands

22
Q

ARDS

A

respiratory failure due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli

23
Q

Heart sounds: S1

A

closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the onset of systole (normal)

24
Q

Heart sounds: S2

A

Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves at the onset of diastole (normal)

25
Q

Heart sounds: S3

A

vibrations of the distended ventricle walls due to passive flow of blood from the atria during systole (abnormal in healthy adults)

26
Q

Heart sounds: murmur

A

Vibrations of longer duration than the heart sounds due to disrupted blood flow past a stenotic or regurgitant valve (abnormal)

27
Q

Heart sounds: S4

A

pathologic sound of vibration of the ventricle walls with ventricular filling and atrial contraction (abnormal)

28
Q

ECG: QRS

A

time for both ventricular depolarization and repolorazation

29
Q

ECG: T

A

Ventricular repolarization

30
Q

ECG: P

A

atrial depolarization

31
Q

ECG: PR

A

Time for atrial depolarization and conduction from the SA node to the AV node

32
Q

ECG: ST

A

Isoelectric period following the QRS complex

33
Q

ECG: QT

A

Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolorization

34
Q

pH values

A

7.4 (7.35-7.45)

35
Q

PaCO2

A

measure ventilation: 40mmHg at sea level

36
Q

PaO2

A

Measures O2 in artierial blood: 97 mmHg at sea level

37
Q

HCO3

A

bicarbonate: important in chemical buffering system: keeps blood from becoming to acidic or basic: 24 mEq/L (22-26)

38
Q

SaO2

A

% O2 saturation of hemoglobin (how well lungs are functioning to oxengenate blood: 95-98%

39
Q

Acidemia

A

pH<7.35

40
Q

Alkalemia

A

pH> 7.45

41
Q

Eucapnia

A

normal level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 of 35-45mmHg)

42
Q

Hypercapnia

A

elevated level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 >45mmHg)

43
Q

Hypocapnia

A

low level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 <35mmHG)

44
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low level of O2 in arterial blood (PaO2 <40

45
Q

Hypoxia

A

low level of O2 in the tissue despite adequate perfusion of the tissue

46
Q

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

tests how quickly blood clots: 26.3-39.4 sec PTT is more sensitive than PT (prothrombin time)

NPTE Prep (18 decks)

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