Modalities Flashcards
Ultra sound: depth
up to 5cm
Ultra sound: Frequency
1MHz for deeper tissue (up to 5cm)
3Mhz for shallow tissue (1-2cm)
Ultra sound: duty cycle
= on time/ (on time+off time)
eg 20% = 1msec on , 4msec off
lower percentage are for non-heating effects
20%is most commonly recommended for non-thermal
Ultrasound: duration
2-3 times the size of transducer =5 min
longer duration for lower intensity/ lower frequencies
bilik mandi
bathroom
Phonophoresis
Ultrasound to deliver meds
Ultrasound contraindications
active bleeding, decreased temp sensation, decreased circulation, DVT, infection, malignancy, over breast implants, over carotid sinus/cervical ganglia, epiphyseal areas in kids, overs eyes, heart, genitals, over preg bump, over pacemaker, thrombophlebitis, vascular insificianecy
Hydrotherapy tanks: extremity tank
for distal LE / UE
botol
bottle
Hydrotherapy tank: lowboy tank
larger body parts, permits long sitting, wter to midthoracic level,
Hydrotherapy tank:highboy tank
larger parts, permits sitting in chest deep water with hips and knees flexed,
Hydrotherapy tank: hubbard tank
full body emersion, contraindications= unstable BP, incontinence) not excedd 100degF
meja
table
Lumbar traction: supine vs prone
Supine= more separation of posterior structures (facet joints, intervertebral foramin)
Prone: separation of anterior structures (disk spaces)
Lumbar traction: intermittent vs static
Static: for symptoms exaggerated by mvmt
intermittent: joint mobilization for those who cannot tolerate static
Lumbar traction: Force
max 30 lbs for initial session
25% of BW for soft tissue stetch (muscle spasm/disc protrusion)
50% of BW for separation of vertebrae
Lumbar traction: duration
no specific guidelines: 5-30min
disk= 10min or less
up to 30 with other conditions
Cervical traction: amt of flexion to target c spine
upper cervical: 0-5deg
mid cervical: 10-20deg
lower cervical: 25-35deg
Cervical traction: Force
up to 10lbs in 1st session
7-10% of pts BW for soft tissue (11-15lbs)
13-20% of BW for joint distraction (20-30lbs)
do not exceed 30lbs
Compression garmaents: Antiembolism, scar/burn, edema control pressures
Antiembolism: 16-18mmHg (off the shelf)
Burn/scar: 20-30mmHg
Edema control: 30-40mmHg
CPM rate
2 cycles /min
Electrotherapy: Current
direct flow of charge from one place to another. Measures in ampere =6.25x10^18 electrons/ sec
Electrotherapy: Voltage
electromotive force/ electrical potential difference. Volts
Electrotherapy: Resistance
ability of a material to oppose the flow of ions through it. Ohms. resistance= voltage/current
Ionto: Dosage
measured in milli amp minutes. ranges from 40-80 mA-min. (40mA-min can be delived in 10min with 4.0mA. lower amplitude will take longer to admin but less likely to irritate skin)
Ionto: Duration
10-20min. check every 3-5 min
Ionto: Positive Meds
Copper sulfate: fungal infection
lidocaine: analgesia, inflammation
Magnesium Sulfate: muscle spasms, ischemia
Zinc oxide: Healing, dermal ulcers, wounds
Ionto: negative meds
Acetic acid: calcific deposits/myositis ossifican Calcium Chloride: scar, keloid, ms spams Dexamethasone: inflamm Iodine: scars, adhesive capsulitis salicylates: ms/jt pain, plantar warts
Massage: effleurage
light stroke, performed at beginning and end to allow pt to relax, direct toward heart
Massage: friction
small circles over trigger pt, or spasm, deep. loosens adhesions, reduce edema
Massage: petrissage
kneading/ rolling of ms. loosen adhesions, improve lymph return, remove metabolic waste. distal to proximal
Massage: Tapotement
rapid alternating movements,: cupping, tapping, hacking. increase circulation, stim peripheral nerve endings
Massage: vibration
rapid shaking movement for relaxation
Electrodes size: current density, impedance, current flow
Small Vs large
Current density: S=increased L=decreased
Impedance: S =inc L= decr
Current flow: S= Decr L= Inc
