Pharmocology Flashcards
What factors affect absorption
>Particle size
>Food
>GIT mobility
>Physiochemical factors
>solubility
>dissociation factor
>GIT enzymesWhat are bases and acids
Bases: acid receptors
Acids: proton donors
As pH increases what happens to bases and acids
Acids become ionised
Bases unionised
What can volume of distribution be used to do?
Calculate loading dose
Estimate blood conc in an overdose
What factors affect distribution
Regional flow Binding Disease Drug receptors Lipid solubility
What occurs if a drug with a higher binding affinity is added
competition and displacement
What factors affect metabolism
Genetic Age Liver disease Hepatic flow 1st pass
What is the toxic product made by oxidation of paracetamol?
NSPQ
Two types of cytochrome P450
Inducers
Inhibitors
Why do we uses creatine to measure rate of drug clearance?
not actively secreted
not passively absorbed
What is clearance
Vol of blood/ plasma cleared of drug per unit time
What measures drug affinity to receptor?
KD
What do second messengers result in?
Amplification
What ligands normally bind to receptor kinase?
Insoluble growth factors
What does propanol block?
What does it treat>
Competitive antagonist
Non selective
>Adrenaline & Noradrenaline
>Hyper tension & angia
What doe sulbutamol block?
What does it treat?
Adenyl cylclase> cAMP
Asthma, wheezing, short breth
What does atenol block?
What does it treat?
Epinephrien
Hypertension and angia
What blockds angiotensin converting enzyme?
ACE
What does angiotensin II produce in the adrenal cortex?
Aldosterone
What does COX 1 produce what do they do
Cytoprotective prostaglandis >Renal perfusion >Gastric mucous Thrombaxanes >Platelet aggregation
3 classes of Ca channel blockers and what their effects
> Dihydropyridines> smooth muscle
Phenylalkylamine> Myocardium
Benzothiazepine> Cardiac & Vasodilator
What are esters broken down into and what effect does this have (LA)
PABA
Allergic & hypersensitive
What breaks down esters? (LA)
Plasma esterases
What breaks down amides? (LA)
Amidase
