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IMS -izzy > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

where are macrophages found?

A

In the tissue

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2
Q

What cells are involved in the lymphoid system?

A

NK
Lymphoids
B/ T Cells

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3
Q

What do neutrophils produce

A

Oxidising toxins

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4
Q

What cell from the myeloid system produces histamine

A

Mast cells

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5
Q

Key first defence line components

A 
Mechanical> Cilia, mucus, Skin flora, skin
Physiological> Fever, stomach acid
Chemical> Lysosomes, Interferons
Phagocytotic leukocytes
NK
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6
Q

What occurs in the red and whit pulp of the spleen?

A

Red: erythrocytes removed
White: Leukocytes stimulated

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7
Q

What is it called in somatic hyper mutation when an FAB region is naturally selected

A

+ ve selection

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8
Q

How many segments are in each segment of the FAB region

A

Diversity : 23
Variable: 46
Joining: 6

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9
Q

What are the two classes in the light chain of the FC region?

A

llamda

Kappa

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10
Q

What disease causes hyperthyroidism due to over activation of the immune system?

A

Graves disease

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11
Q

What antigens are found in primary infection of hep B?

A

Hep B surface antigen

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12
Q

What antigens and antibodies are found in secondary infection of Heb B?

A

Hep B core antigen

Hep B core antibody AhcAB

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13
Q

What mechanism ensures T cell receptor variability

A

VDJ recombination

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14
Q

What binds to TH4 receptors in HIV

A

GP-120

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15
Q

Pathogens with bacterial sugars

A

> Candida albicans> Yeast
HIV & Influenza> Virus
Salmonella & streptococci> bacteria
Leishmania> Parasite

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16
Q

What accelerates break down on C3 in the alternative pathway?

A

Antigen contact
Properdin
Factor B

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17
Q

Roles of anaphylatoxins

A

> Chemotractin for neutrophils

>Degranulatiuon

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18
Q

2 phases of innate immune response

A

> Cellular response

>Hummoral

19
Q

How does our immune system combat a virus infection?

A

> Enveloped viruses> MAC
Hidden viruses> TNF, IFN-y, NK
Virus outside cell> opsonisation> C3b

20
Q

Process of phagocytosis

A 
>Chemotaxis & Adherence 
>Ingestions
>Phagosome> (Phagosome + Lysosome = Phagolysosome)
>Digestion
>Residual body> Ingestible Material
>Discharge> waste product
21
Q

What activates macrophages primed state>

A

> IFN-y

22
Q

What activates expression of selectin on edothelium?

A

> IL-1

>TNF

23
Q

What activates expression of integrin on Neutrophil?

A

> C5a

>LPS

24
Q

Where are NK found?

A

> Blood, liver , spleen

25
Q

What mechanism does both neutrophils & NK follow?

A

> Double lock and key

26
Q

What occurs in an over TH1 repsonse?

A

Tuberculoid Leprosy

27
Q

What occurs in a over TH2 response?

A

Lepromatous Leprosy

28
Q

What does Eu-FEDS stand for?

A

Eutherian fetoembyronic defence system

29
Q

Give example of non specific auto immune disease and what it attacks>

A

Systemic Lupus Erthematosus

Cytosol and nucleus

30
Q

Give an example of a specific autoimmune disease and what it attacks

A

Crohns disease
Diabetes 1
Thyroid

31
Q

Example of immunodeficiency

A

Genetic/ etology
AIDS
Congenital complement deficiencies

32
Q

What is TH 1 involved in?

A

Cell mediated response

33
Q

What is TH 2 involved in?

A

Hummoral resonse

34
Q

What do macrophages release to activate B cells?

A

INL 1

Monokines

35
Q

What to cytokines activate?

A

T cells
B cells
Macrophages

36
Q

What T cell recognises MHC I?

What does this T cell go on to recognise?

A

T(CD8+)- cytotoxic

Recognises self> endogenous proteins

37
Q

What T cell recognises MHC II?

What does this T cell go on to recognise

A

T(CD4+)- Helper

Recognise non self> extracellular proteins

38
Q

What occurs without co stimulation?

What is it?

A

Anergy

Receptor unresponsive to all signals> temporary

39
Q

What occurs in positive selction

A

> T cells exposed to MHC + Antigen
Recognition of MHC I + Antigen> T (CD8+) cytotoxic
Recognition of MHC II + Antigen> T (CD4+) helper

40
Q

What occurs in negative selection?

A

> T c cells exposed to MHC I + Self
T h cells exposed to MHC II + Self
Recognition of self and immune response> killed

41
Q

Reasons negative response fails

A

> Anergy in co stimulation
CD 8+ T cell> attacks own cell
CD 4+ T cell> stimulates B plasma cell Ab production against own cells

42
Q

How are gametes not attacked as non self

A

> No MHC expression

>Hidden> Glycoproteins

43
Q

What is an autoimmune disease?

A

> Loss of self tolerance

44
Q

Examples of hypersensitivity

A

> Allergy

>Asthma

IMS -izzy (11 decks)

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