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IMS -izzy > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete that is under inhibition?

A

Prolactin

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2
Q

What does the posterior pituitary Gland store

A

Oxytocin (Labour contractions)

ADH (H20 re absorption)

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3
Q

What are T3 and T4 involved in?

A

Gene expression

Organ Function

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4
Q

How does the thyoid gland contribute to Ca metabolism

A

C cells> Calcitonin> control Ca

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5
Q

What does the adrenal cortex produce?

A

Cortisol
Androgen
Aldosterone

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6
Q

The Production of cortisol

A

Hypothalamus: CRH
Pituitary: ACTH
Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol

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7
Q

The production of T3, T4

A

Hypothalamus: TRH
Pituitary: TSH
Thyroid: T3, T4

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8
Q

The production of sex hormones

A

Hypothalamus: GnRH
Pituitary: FH & LH
Testes: Inhibin & testosterone/ osteradiol, progesterone

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9
Q

Negative feed back of testosterone and inhibin

A

Testosterone: LH
Inhibin: FSH

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10
Q

Negative Feedback of Inhibin, ostreadiol

A

Inhibin: FSH & LH
Osteodial: FSH, GnRH
Stimulates LH

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11
Q

Organd involved in Ca metabolism and their function

A 
Bone --> storage
Kidney ---> excretion
Thyroid----> C cells
Gut---> abdorption
Parathyroids---> levels
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12
Q

What does Adrenal medulla produce

A

Adrenaline——> Noradrenaline

Dopamine

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13
Q

Cause of hormone under secretion

A

Infarction

Inflammation

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14
Q

When is the synathcen test used?

What does it add??

A

Under secretion of Adrenal glands

ACTH

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15
Q

Which hormones can be tested for in the blood by a simple static test (blood test)

A

Sex hormones

Thyroid hormones

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16
Q

Symptoms of prolactin over secretion

A 
Dec. sex drive
Galactorrhoea
Amenorrhoea
Visula feils
Headache
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17
Q

Mild causes of prolactin over secretion

A 
Nipple stimulation
sexual intercourse
Beign tumor (hypothalamus)
Stress
Drugs
   Antidepressents
   Aniopsychotics
18
Q

How can we treat over secretion of prolactin

A

Medically not surgically

19
Q

Symptoms of cushing syndrome

A 
FAT DISTRIBUTION
trunical
Thin extremities
FACIAL
Moons
Hirsutism
Ance
CHILDREN
Growth arrest
SKIN
Thin
Straie on abdomen
COMPLICATIONS
Hypertension
Diabetes
Infection
Wound Healing
20
Q

What test is performed on cushing syndrome?

A

Dexamethasome Suppression test

21
Q

What drug can cause Thyroid over secretion and how?

A

Amiodarrone > control irreguar heart beat
40% iodine
Destroy thyroid
Over—-> under

22
Q

The 3 treatments of Thyroid over secretion

A

Anti thyroid drugs
Radioactive iodine
Surgery

23
Q

Symptoms of Thyroid over secretion

A 
Intolerance to heat
Weight loss
Sweating
Irritable
Menstrual
Palpitations
Insomia
Hyperactive
24
Q

Symptoms of eyes due to thyroid over secretion (graves)

A

Periorbal puffiness
Proptosis
Paralysis: double vision
Tumor on optic nerve

25
Q

Steroid under secretion symptoms

A 
LBP> Dizziness
Abdominal pain
Growth failure (children)
Tiredness
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
26
Q

What test do we use for growth hormone under secretion?

A

Insulin stress test

27
Q

Symptoms of hypothryroidism and % of how common they are

A

95%: Weakness & dry skin
80%: Dec. sweating & cold intolerance
65%: Memory loss
60%: Weight gain, hair loss & constipation

28
Q

Hypercalcaemia symptoms

A

Thirst
pass too much urine
Abdominal pain
Constipation

29
Q

Pituitary failure test

A 
1> Endocrine test : Fine > stop
2> Basal> stasis test
        Thryroid,
         E2 test,
         prolactin
3> Dynamic> Stimulation test
        Insulin stress test
       Glucagon
30
Q

What is cholesterol cleaved into?

A

Androgens and oestrogens

31
Q

Describe the DNA binding segment of a nuclear hormone receptor

A

> Protein loops

>Zn2+ coordinated by 4 cysteine residues

32
Q

Which direction does dimerization segments pair up in?

A

Opposite

33
Q

What is at the amino end and carboxyl end of a nuclear hormone receptor

A

Amino end: Transcription binding site

Carboxyl end: Homrmone binding site

34
Q

What does Tamoxifen prodrug get broken down into?

A

4 hydroxy tamoxifen

35
Q

What kind of dimers are steroids?

What kind of dimers are thyroid dimers?

A

Steroids: Homodimers

Thyroid dimers: Heterodimers

36
Q

What crossliks and cleaves tyrosine to form T4?

A

Thyroid peroxidase

37
Q

What is a negative dominant effect?

A

When something goes into a cell and switches something off

38
Q

What is found in mutated thyroid receptor in retrovirus?

A

v-erbA

39
Q

Good things about modified drugs

A 
Control on plasma conc
   Chronic illness
   over night stability
    Side effects
Adherence
Reduce GIT effects
40
Q

Bad things about modified drugs

A 
Over dose
    slow release dont crush
Side effects> factors
    Phs, medicine, enzymes, food
Expensive 
Transcient in GIT
   Effect does not last

IMS -izzy (11 decks)

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