Membranes Flashcards
Name the 3 types of lipids
Glycerophospholipids
Sphingolipids
Sterols
Example of Glycerophospholipid
PIP
Example of Sphinglipids
Sphingomyelin SM
Example of + ve conical lipids
Phosphatidic acid
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Expample of -ve conical lipid
Lyso- GPLS
Phosphoinsitides
which way does P type flippase flip?
Inwards
Which way does ABC flip?
Outwards
List the 3 lipid states
Llamellar liquid crystaline
Liquid Order
Solid gel
Example of 2 integral proteins
Glycophorin A
Bactidopsin
What do peripheral Proteins do?
> Restrict lateral movement
>Maintain shape
Example of peripheral protein
> Spectrin actin
What build up to form plaques in alzheimers
> Amyloid B peptide
What proteins transport cholesterol and ar ehigh in AD patients>
> Apolipoproteins
Example of carrier Ionophore
> Valinomycin
Example of channel Ionophore
> Gramicidin A K+/Na+
What are ion channels important for?
> Osmotic gradient
Nerve impulses
Signal transducion
Structure of Aquaporins
> 6 transmembrans alpha helicies
4 pores
tetramer
Structure of GLUT 1
> 6 transmembrane alpha helicies
>central pore
What are the characteristic of ion driven transport
> Down conc grad
> Coupled >Na+/H+ down conc grad
Example of ligand gated ion channel
Nictotinic acetlycholrine receptor
Example of G protein
Renin angiotensin
What does Nictotinic acetlychlorine do?
> transport of Na+/ K+ out of cell
>inc. K+/ Na+ permeability
Where does rennin cleave angiotensinogen?
Blood
Where does ACE cleave angiotensis
Lungs & Kidney
Where is aldosterone produced?
Adrenal gland
What do Kinases indirectly do?
Regulate transription
Explain hoe nuclear hormone receptor is monomeric
Separate area for DNA and ligand binding
Types of neurotransmitters
>Acetylcholine ACh >Monoamines >Amino Acids >Peptides >Lipids
What does each stand for? TCA SSRIs SNRIs MAOIs
> Tricyclic Antidepressant
Selective serotonin reuptake
Serotonin/ noradrenaline reuptake
Mononamine Oxidase inhibitors
Which drugs prevent re-uptake
TCA
SSRIs
SNRIs
Which drug prevents break downs
MAOIs
Which drugs interfere with -ve feedback?
Miscellaneous atypical antidepressants
Where are receptors for hydrophilic receptors found?
Extracellular
Where are receptors for lipid based hormones found?
Intracellular
What is CO in small quantities used for?
Endogenous signalling
Where can amplification occur?
KInases
G proteins
2nd messengers
What does Gq stimulate?
Phospholipase C
What 2nd messengers does Gq inc?
DAG
IP3
What do Gs and Gi have an affect on
Adenylate Cyclase
What breaks down cAMP?
Phosphodiesterases
Net effects of inc cAMP
> Histamine
Insulin
Inflamation
`How is cAMP formed
> ATP
Adenylate cyclase> removes 2 P
Replace with PPI
3’ and 5’ C
How is cGMP formed?
> GTP
Guanylate cyclase> removes 2P
Replace with PPI
3’and 5’ C
What kinases Phosphorylate Ser/ Thr?
What G protein activates them
PKA, PKC, PKG
Gs, Gi, Gq
What kinases activate Tryosine
Receptors> TK> Insulin
Non receptors> Scr
What kinases are dual specific
MAP kinase kinases MKKs
What breaks down tryglycerides?
Lipoprotein lipase
What is the inhibitor of Apo B 100?
PCSK9
What is the PCSK9 inhibitor used instead of?
Statins
What do we need cholesterol for?
Bile acid
Steroids
Cell mem
Fats an soluble lipids
