Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMS -izzy > Nerve and muscle > Flashcards

Nerve and muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 classes in the PNS split into?

A

Autonomic> unconscious

Somatic> Conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Autonomic class in thr PNS split into>

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Role of neurons

A

Rapid info transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are neurones classed?

A

Shape
size
function
neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The 3 connective tissue layers of nerves

A

Epineurium> Nerve
Perineurium> Fascicle
Endoneurium> Nerve axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The 4 types of nuceli in grey matter

A

Somatic> External tissue
>Motor
>Sensory

Visceral> Internal
>Motor
>Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Myelination stain

A

Wiegerts stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The 4 Gilia cells of CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal
Microgilia
Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The 2 Gilia cells of the PNS

A

Satellite Cells

Schwann Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Microglia function

A

Defence> Phagocytosis & Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Astrocyte function

A 
Metabolism
Glucose uptake
K clearance
Blood brain Barrier
Structural
Neuronal Growth
Neurotransmittor uptake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Satellite cell function

A

Regulate external chemical environment

Sensitive > injury & inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Schwann cells function?

A

Myelination

Re growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 classes of demyelination

A

Myelinoclastic

Leukodystrophia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Mesaxon?

A

Non myelinated neurones adjacent to schwann cells and surrounded by myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 types of PNS neuropathy

A

Mononeuropathy
Mononeuritis
Polyneuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Myopathy disorders

A

Muscular dystrophies> gentics
Myotonia> neuro
Congential myopathies> genetic
Metabolic myopathies > Energy fprming within systems within muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give a neuromuscular junction disease

A

Myasthenia gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Example of Radiculopathy

A

Nerve damage> herniated disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sensory receptors: Muscle spindle

A

> Skeletal muscle
Stretch
Non- adapting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sensory Receptors: Free, endings unencapsulated

A

> Connective Tissue, joints, skins
Pain, touch, light, pressure
Flow/ fast adapting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

> Deep dermis tendons, joints, genitalia
Vibration, deep, pressure
Fast adapting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Meissners/ krause bulb

A

> Oral Mucosa, lips, genitalia, fingertips
Touch, Vibratiom, light pressure
Rapid adapting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ruffini Organs

A

> Deep dermis, ligaments, joint capsules
Stretch, deep pressure
Very slow adapting

25
Q

Where are preganglionic cell bodies found?

A

In CNS

26
Q

Where are post ganglionic neurones found?

A

Autonomic ganglion

>innovates target tissue

27
Q

Parasympathetic characteristics

A

Look at mind map

28
Q

What are the 2 classification systems for measuring nerve conduction?

A

Erlanger- Gasser

Numerical

29
Q

3 types of neuropathies

A

> Monopathy
Mononeuritis Multiplex
Polyneuropathy

30
Q

3 types of recpetors based of their location

A

> Exteroceptors
Interoceptors
Proprioceptors

31
Q

Resting potential

A

-65mv

32
Q

Depolarisation

A

-65mv—–> +30mv

33
Q

Hyperpolarisation

A

Lower than -65mv

34
Q

What gradiets work on K+ and Na+

A

Concentration grad

Electrical grad

35
Q

What does nerst equation caculate?

A

Electrical potential of charged ions across mem

36
Q

What does nerst take into account?

A

Cell temp
Conc> intracellular & extracellular
(Calculated in log)

37
Q

Explain how positive feed back works in depolarisation

A

High Na+ conc> more activated gates> inc in Na+ conc

38
Q

What do proprioceptors respond to?

A

Joint position

39
Q

What do mechanorecptors respond to?

A

Stretch

40
Q

What is EPSS graded in?

A

Magnitude

41
Q

What does IPSP and EPSP not have?

A

Refractory period

Threshold

42
Q

What neurotransmitters causes Na+ channels to open?

A

Glutamate

Acetylcholine

43
Q

What neurotransmitters cause Cl- channels to open?

A

GABA

Glycine

44
Q

List the types of muscle Architecture

A 
>Pennate (Unipennate, Bipennate, Multipennate)
>Fusiform 
>Parallel
>Convergent
>Circular
45
Q

Describe layers of muscle

A 
>Bone
> Tendon
>Muscle belly> Epimysium
>Fascicles> Perimysium
>Myofibres> Sarcolemma,
                       endomysium, 
                       sarcoplasm
>Myofibrils 
>Filaments
46
Q

What activity does the myosin heads have?

A

ATPase activiity

47
Q

What covers actin to present myosin binding?

A

Tropomyosin

48
Q

What complex undergoes a comformational change at Ca exposure and what is moved?

A

Troponin complex

Tropomyosin

49
Q

Why do twitches vary

A

Muscle fibres> size & contraction speed

50
Q

When does the contraction phase in a twitch end

A

When tension peak is reached

Tension = force

51
Q

What is the relaxation phase in a twitch?

A

Time between tension peak and relaxation

52
Q

Describe Type I fibres

A 
>Slow
>Fatigue resistant
>Red> MB
>Slow contraction
>aerobic 
>Low power 
>Dense capillaries
>Large [Mitochondria]
53
Q

Describe Type II a fibres

A 
>Fast
>Fatigue resistant
>Red> MB
>Large [mitochondria]
>Quick contractions
>Moderate power
>Long term anaerobic
54
Q

Describe Type II b fibres

A 
> White> low Mb> ATP in sarcoplasm
>Fatigue easily
>Low [Mitochondria]
>fast contraction
>High power
>Short term anaerobic
55
Q

What occurs in tetanus

A

> Stimuli frequency so high> Ca2+ continues to rise

> peak level

56
Q

What is maximum tetanic tension?

A

> Max sustained tension

57
Q

What are the 2 muscle disorders?

How are they represented on an electromyography test?

A 
Neuropathic trace
>Muscle fibres not innovated
>Areas of no AP from motor units
>Remaining muscle compensates> high voltage
Myopathic trace
>Everything reduced
>Less no. of muscle fibres
58
Q

What does a normal Electromyography show?

A

> Summation when forced applied
More motor units recruited
Thicker higher voltage

59
Q

Causes of muscle disorders

A 
Injury/ overuse
>Sprain/ strain
>Tendinitis> Irritation & inflammation at tendon --- bone
>Cramps
Genetic
>Muscular dystrophy
>Metabolic defects> ATP
Inflammation
>Myositis
>Polymalgria
Neurological (nerve supply issue)
>Multiple sclerosis
>Myasthenia gravis
>Parkinsons disease

IMS -izzy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions