Blood

Question 1

What are complements?

Answer 1

Extra proteins activated in immune response> linked to immune cells

Question 2

Where is Vasopressin formed?

Answer 2

Posterior pituritary lobe

Question 3

Where is Adrenaline formed?

Answer 3

Adrenal Medulla

Question 4

What is the name of the cell all WBC derivative from?

Answer 4

Multipotential haematopoirtic stem cell

Question 5

Whats in the buffy coat?

Answer 5

Platelets

Immune cells

Question 6

What are the antibodies in the plasma called?

Answer 6

Agglutinins

Question 7

What are the antigens found on the RBC mem called?

Answer 7

Agglutinogens

Question 8

Treatment for Rhs in pregancy

Answer 8

Anti- Rh globulin

Question 9

Name 3 blood disease caused by an increase of a substance and state their substance

Answer 9

Erthrocytosis> RBC
Leukocytosis> WBC
Thrombocytosis> Platelets

Question 10

Name 3 Blood disease caused by a decrease in a substance and state their substance.

Answer 10

Anaemia> RBC
Leukocytosis> WBC
Thrombocytosis> Platelets

Question 11

What is the growth factor foe RBC

Answer 11

Erythropoietin

Question 12

What id the growth factor for platelets?

Answer 12

Thrombopoietin

Question 13

Reasons why there is a dec in response to erthropoietin?

Answer 13

> Dec vitamin K
Dec. Folate
Dec. Iron
Chronic anaemia

Question 14

What anaemia is caused by iron deficiency

Answer 14

Microcytic Anaemia

Question 15

What causes microcytic anaemia

Answer 15

>Growth spurts
>Blood loss
>Diet
>Infection
>Pregnancy

Question 16

Anaemia Caused by lack of Vit B12 and folate?

Answer 16

> Megaloblastic/ macrocytic anaemia

Question 17

Where is the mutation on Hb for sickle cell anaemia

Answer 17

> Glu 6—-> Val

Question 18

Name a disease caused by a cytoskeletal defect?

Answer 18

Hereditary spherocytosis

Question 19

What are the two types of Granules

Answer 19

Alpha

Dense

Question 20

2 examples of dense granules

Answer 20

ADP

Thromboxanne A2

Question 21

Give 2 examples of alpha granule

Answer 21

F4

Plasminogen activator inhibitor PAI-1

Question 22

Adaptations of platelets

Answer 22

>+ve feedback
>Signalling (paracrine + autocrine)
>Lrg. no. receptors
> Lrg no. platelets
>No nucleus

Question 23

Receptors involved in Adhesion and what they bind to?

Answer 23

alpha1beta1> Collagen

Gp-1b-IX-V> Von Willebrand factor

Question 24

Receptors involved in Platelet Activation and what they bind too

Answer 24

GpVI > Collagen
PAR1 & 4> Thrombin
P2Y1 PSY12> Fibrinogen

Question 25

Receptors involved in Platelet aggregation and what they bind to?

Answer 25

GPIIB/IIIA (alphaIIb Beta 3)

Question 26

Draw out the intrinsic extrinsic and common pathway coming together

Answer 26

Look at mindmap

Question 27

What medication do we use in strokes and what does it do?

Answer 27

Warfrin | Regulate Vitamin K recycling

Question 28

What does DIC stand for?

Answer 28

Disseminated intravascular Coagulation

Question 29

What does ITP stand for?

Answer 29

Immune Thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 30

Causes of inherited bleeding disorders

Answer 30

Platelet Dysfunction Coagulation factor deficiency and haemophilia Thrombocytopenia

Question 31

What is is the normal levels of F8 & F9 >mild >moderate >serve

Answer 31

50-150% 6-50% 1-5% <1%

Question 32

What are the 3 tests for clotting time? And what part of the coagulation pathway do they measure?

Answer 32

Activated Thromboplastin Time APTT> Intrinsic Prothrombin time PT> Extrinsic TT Thrombin Time> Common

Question 33

Symptoms of Haemophilia

Answer 33

``` Muscle haemorrhage Joint bleeding> Hemarthrosis> Stiff joint Bruising Soft Tissue Life threatening bleeds ```

Question 34

What is Athersclerosis

Answer 34

>Macrophages + Fat deposits >Vessel wall inflammation >Atherosclerotic plaques

Question 35

Symptoms of arterial Thrombosis

Answer 35

>Arterial fibrilation >Myocardial infarction >Peripheral vascular disease

Question 36

Mural Thrombi symptoms

Answer 36

>Instable Angina >Transcient ischaemic attack >Chest Pain

Question 37

Occlusion Thrombi symptoms

Answer 37

>Myocardial infarction | >Cerebral infarction

Question 38

List the stimulatory factors

Answer 38

``` >ADP >Thrombin >Fibrongen >Adrenaline >Von Willebrand Factor ```

Question 39

List the inhibitory Factors

Answer 39

>Adenosine >Nitric Oxide >Prostacyclin

Question 40

Example of inhibitors

Answer 40

>NO >Adenosine >Prostacyclin

Question 41

3 antiplatelets and what they target

Answer 41

>Aspirin> Thromboxanne> platelet activation >Anti a/b> Fibrinogen & vWD> Receptors >Anti P2Y> ADP receptor

Question 42

What does not have a part to play in DVT?

Answer 42

>Platelets

Question 43

What do we use to treat a rapid onset of thrombosis?

Answer 43

>Unfractioned Heparin | >Low molecular heparin

Question 44

What do we use to treat a slow onset of thrombosis?

Answer 44

>VKA (INR) | >Varafin

Question 45

What are the 3 parts to Virchows triad?

Answer 45

>Stasis >Vessel wall injury >Hypercoagulability