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Pharmacology > Pharmacology: Respiratory > Flashcards

Pharmacology: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

1st generation anti-histamine
- Lipophilic, crosses into CNS
- Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
SEs: sedation, anti-mAch (dry mouth, blurry vision), anti-alpha adrenergic

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2
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

1st generation anti-histamine
- Lipophilic, crosses into CNS
- Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
SEs: sedation, anti-mAch (dry mouth, blurry vision), anti-alpha adrenergic

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3
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

1st generation anti-histamine
- Lipophilic, crosses into CNS
- Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
SEs: sedation, anti-mAch (dry mouth, blurry vision), anti-alpha adrenergic

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4
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

1st generation anti-histamine
- Lipophilic, crosses into CNS
- Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
SEs: sedation, anti-mAch (dry mouth, blurry vision), anti-alpha adrenergic

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5
Q

Promethazine

A

1st generation anti-histamine
- Lipophilic, crosses into CNS
- Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
SEs: sedation, anti-mAch (dry mouth, blurry vision), anti-alpha adrenergic

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6
Q

Loratidine

A

2nd generation anti-histamine
- Decr entry into CNS
- Allergy
SEs: less sedation, no anti-muscarinic/serotonergic/adrenergic propertis

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7
Q

Fexofenadine

A

2nd generation anti-histamine
- Decr entry into CNS
- Allergy
SEs: less sedation, no anti-muscarinic/serotonergic/adrenergic propertis

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8
Q

Desloratadine

A

2nd generation anti-histamine
- Decr entry into CNS
- Allergy
SEs: less sedation, no anti-muscarinic/serotonergic/adrenergic propertis

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9
Q

Cetirizine

A

2nd generation anti-histamine
- Decr entry into CNS
- Allergy
SEs: less sedation, no anti-muscarinic/serotonergic/adrenergic propertis

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10
Q

Isoproteronol

A

Beta1/2 selective

  • B1: tachycardia
  • B2: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
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11
Q

Albuterol

A

Short acting beta-2 agonist

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12
Q

Salmeterol

A

Long acting beta-2 agonist

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13
Q

Theophylline

A

Mediates bronchodilation/inhibits bronchoconstriction by inhibiting PDE, increasing life of cAMP (activated with beta-agonists)

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14
Q

Ipratropium

A

Competitive inhibition of muscarinic receptors (M3 mediates bronchoconstriction), prevents bronchoconstriction

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15
Q

Cromolyn

A

Prevents mast cell mediator release

- Asthma ppx only, not for acute attack

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16
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Corticosteroid
- Inhibit synthesis of virtually all cytokines, inactivates NF-kappaBeta (TF that induces production of TNF-alpha, which is normally produced by macrophages for leukocyte recruitment)
- First line for chronic asthma
SEs: oropharyngeal candidiasis, dysphonia (laryngeal myopathy), incr IOP, cataracts, decr growth, bone loss, decr HPA axis

17
Q

Prednisone

A

Corticosteroid
- Inhibit synthesis of virtually all cytokines, inactivates NF-kappaBeta (TF that induces production of TNF-alpha, which is normally produced by macrophages for leukocyte recruitment)
- First line for chronic asthma
SEs: oropharyngeal candidiasis, dysphonia (laryngeal myopathy), incr IOP, cataracts, decr growth, bone loss, decr HPA axis

18
Q

Zileuton

A

Anti-leukotriene, asthma prevention

- 5-lipooxygenase pathway inhibitor (AA –> leukotrienes)

19
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Anti-leukotriene, asthma prevention
- Blocks leukotriene receptor
SEs: incr LFTs, HA, eosinophilic vasculitis

20
Q

Montelukast

A

Anti-leukotriene, asthma prevention
- Blocks leukotriene receptor
SEs: incr LFTs, HA, eosinophilic vasculitis

21
Q

Guaifensin

A

Expectorant

- Removed excess sputum, does NO suppress cough reflex

22
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

Expectorant

  • Can loosen mucous plugs in CF pt
  • Acetominophen OD: binds toxic acetominophen metabolites to prevent glutathione depletion
23
Q

Bosentan

A

Endothelin receptor antagonist,

- Blocks endothelin-1 receptors, decreases pulm vascular resistance

24
Q

Sitaxentan

A

Endothelin receptor antagonist,

- Blocks endothelin-1 receptors, decreases pulm vascular resistance

25
Q

Ambrisentan

A

Endothelin receptor antagonist,

- Blocks endothelin-1 receptors, decreases pulm vascular resistance

26
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Antitussive
- Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors
- Synthetic codeine analog (opioid)
Naloxone for OD

27
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonist (vascular smooth muscle contraction, pupil dilation, GI/bladder sphincter contration)

  • Nasal decongestant
  • SE: HTN, anxiety (CNS stimulant)
28
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonist (vascular smooth muscle contraction, pupil dilation, GI/bladder sphincter contration)
- SE: HTN

29
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist (bronchoconstriction)

- Asthma challenge test

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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