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Pharmacology > Pharmacology: Repro > Flashcards

Pharmacology: Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH analog

  • Agonist if pulsatile
  • Antagonist if continuous: downregulates GnRH receptor in the pituitary and decr FSH/LH
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2
Q

Testosterone/methyltestosterone

A

Agonist at androgen receptors

  • Female masculinization
  • Decr LH in males from incr neg fedback, resulting in gondal atrophy
  • Premature closure of epiphyseal plates
  • Incr LDL, decr HDL
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3
Q

Finasteride

A

5alpha-reductase inhibitor: decr conversion of T to DHT

Tx: BPH, male-pattern baldness

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4
Q

Flutamide

A

Competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone receptor, nonsteroidal
Tx: Prostate cancer

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5
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Inhibits steroid synthesis via desmolase

- SEs: Gynecomastia, amenorrhea

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6
Q

Spirnolactone

A

Aldosterone receptor antagonist, androgen receptor antagonist, inhibits steroid synthesis

  • Tx: hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, androgenic alopecia, acne, seborrhea); PCOS; male pattern baldness; hyperaldo (Conn’s syndrome/primary hyperaldo)
  • SEs: Gynecomastia, amenorrhea
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7
Q

Ethinyl estradiol

A

Synthetic estrogen

  • Tx: Hypogonadism or ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT, men with androgen-dependent prostate cancer
  • SEs: incr risk of endometrial cancer, thrombosis
  • *Contraindications: ER+ breast cancer, history of DVTs
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8
Q

DES

A

Synthetic estrogen

Increased risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in females exposed to DES in utero

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9
Q

Mestranol

A

Synthetic estrogen

  • Tx: Hypogonadism or ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT, men with androgen-dependent prostate cancer
  • SEs: incr risk of endometrial cancer, thrombosis
  • *Contraindications: ER+ breast cancer, history of DVTs
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10
Q

Clomiphene

A

SERM
- Partial agonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus
- Prevents normal feedback inhibition, incr release of LH and FSH from pituitary –> stimulates ovulation
Tx: Infertility, PCOS
SEs: Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies, visual disturbances

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11
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM

  • Antagonist on breast tissue
  • Agonist at uterus/endometrium and bone
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12
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM

- Agonist on bone, decr resorption

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13
Q

HRT

A

For menopausal sx, osteoporosis
Give PG to decrease risk of endometrial cancer
Possible incr CV risk

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14
Q

Anastrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor

  • Blocks synthesis of estrogen
  • For postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer
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15
Q

Exemestane

A

Aromatase inhibitor

  • Blocks synthesis of estrogen
  • For postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer
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16
Q

Progestins

A

Bind progestin receptor
- Reduces growth and increases vascularization of endometrium
Tx: OCPs, endometrial cancer, AUB

17
Q

Mifepristone (RU-486)

A

Competitive inhibitor of PG at PG receptors

- Medical abortion, give with misoprostol (PGE1 analog)

18
Q

COCs

A

ES and PG inhibit LH/FSH –> no LH/FSH –> no ES surge –> no LH surge –> no ovulation
PG also thicken cervical mucus, inhibit endometrial proliferation

19
Q

Ritodrine

A

Beta-2 agonist, relaxes uterus
- Reduces PUCs
Also a fast-acting bronchodilator

20
Q

Terbutaline

A

Beta-2 agonist, relaxes uterus
- Reduces PUCs
Also a fast-acting bronchodilator

21
Q

Tamsulosin

A

alpha1-antagonist, selective for alpha1A,D receptors on the prostate (vs. vascular alpha1B receptors)
- Inhibits smooth muscle contraction–relaxes bladder neck and smooth muscle fibers on the prostate

22
Q

Prazosin

A

Non-selective alpha1-blocker

23
Q

Terazosin

A

Non-selective alpha1-blocker

24
Q

Doxazosin

A

Non-selective alpha1-blocker

25
Q

Sildenafil

A

Increases cGMP by inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase

- Relaxes smooth muscle in corpus cavernosum, increases BF and erection

26
Q

Vardenafil

A

Increases cGMP by inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase

- Relaxes smooth muscle in corpus cavernosum, increases BF and erection

27
Q

Danazol

A

Synthetic androgen (testosterone), acts as partial agonist at androgen receptors
- inhibits ovarian steroidogenesis resulting in decreased secretion of estradiol and may increase androgens
- pituitary hormones largely unaffected (possible incr LH)
Tx: endometriosis, hereditary angioedema
SEs: weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, masculinization, contra in pregnancy as could masculinize a female fetus

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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