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Med surg > Pharmacology practice test B > Flashcards

Pharmacology practice test B Flashcards

1
Q

side effects of mannitol

A
  1. it can cause pulmonary edema and lead to HF
  2. increased intracranial pressure
  3. seizures
  4. confusion
  5. headache
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2
Q

mannitol uses

A
  1. decrease intracranial pressure
  2. improved renal function
  3. decrease intraocular pressure
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3
Q

what drug is used to treat exercise induced asthma

A

.mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn) which stabilize the mast cells which then inhibit the release of histamineand otherinflammatory mediators

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4
Q

what are inhaled anticholinergics used for give an example

A

they decrease mucus production and produce bronchodilation. Tiotropium

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5
Q 
What are the antidoes for
Warfarin
acetaminophen
antipsychotic meds
antimuscarinics (atropine,scopolamine,antihistamines,phenothiazines, and TCA)
A

Vitamin K
Acetylcysteine
Benztrophine
Physostigmine

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6
Q

side effects of epoetin alfa

A

Neurological

  1. seizures(rapid rise in HCT->rapid rise in BP)
  2. heaches,
  3. dizziness
  4. coldness and sweating
  5. HF(monitor for crackles)
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7
Q

How long does hydrocodone with acetaminophen take to work and how long does it last

A

takes 20 mins to start and lasts 4=6 hours

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8
Q

what drug should be taken to minimize autonomic coponents of alcohol withdrawl such as diaphoresis

A

beta-adrenergic blockers

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9
Q

what drug is used to maintain abstience from alcohol and how does it work

A

Acamprosate
Decreases anxiety and other uncomfortable manifestations of withdrawl by balancing the brain chemicals that would otherwise be disturbed

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10
Q

what drug decreases the cravings during alcohol withdrawl

A

propranolol

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11
Q

what drug is used to prevent delirium tremens

A

chlordiazepoxide(librium)

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12
Q

nitro patch teachings

A
  1. takes about 30 mins to take effect. Not used for acute attacks
  2. take the patch off every night after dinner
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13
Q

what drug is used to treat graves what are side effects of this drug and how do you know it is working

A

Propylthiouracil. A thyroid hormone antagonist.

  1. can cause mylosuppression(decreased RBC,WBC,platelets)
  2. Reduced manic behaviors such as increased ability to focus and less restless
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14
Q

which common drug can significantly increase lithium levels

A

NSAIDS (not aspirin and sulindac)

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15
Q

what is the main drug used to treat migrane headaches ? how does it work? what is important to know about this drug

A

Ergotamine it constricts the blood vessels in the brain. 1.max of 3 tablets per day

  1. take at the onset of headache
  2. overdose may cause ergotism(ischemia to peripheral leading to gangerene, this includes the brain)
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16
Q

what kind of antibiotic is gentamicin and what are some side effects

A
  1. Aminoglycoside(vancomycin)
  2. GI
    - inflammation of liver and spleen
  3. Ototoxic
    - monitor for ringing and headaches
  4. neuromuscular
    - muscle twitch, flaccidity
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17
Q

what is the point of a spacer for inhaled steroids?

A

reduces risk of dysphonia and oral candidiasis
does not reduce risk of the drug side effects themselves such as
1.neuro
-dizziness,fatigue,nervousness,headache
2.musculoskeletal
-bone loss,muscle aches, joint pain
3.addernal suppresion
-weakness,fatigue,hypotension,hypoglycemia

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18
Q

who has a positive chvosteks signs

A

hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia

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19
Q

name a tricyclic antidepressant and what are some side effects

A

Amitriptyline

  1. anticholinergic
    - light sensitivity,blurred vision,urinary hesitancy/retention, dry mouth,constipation
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20
Q

Same a calcium channel blocker and side effects

A

Diltiazem

  1. Decreased HR(suppress SA and AV nodes)
  2. decreased contractility ->HF
  3. do not drink grapefruit juice it increases blood levels and will lead to toxicity
  4. peripheral edema
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21
Q

what drug is used to treat TB and starts with an I what are the side effects

A

Isoniazid also Rifampin is used

  1. blurred vision and optic neuritis
  2. hepatotoxicity
    - jaundice,nausea,malaise
  3. CNS
    - dizziness,memory impairment, seizures, and psychosis
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22
Q

which drug forms a protective barrier over stomach ulcers

A

sulcrafate

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23
Q

what are some adverse effects of lisinopril

A
  1. GI
    - vomiting, anorexia ,constipation, prancreaitis, and liver failure
  2. CNS
    - depression, paresthesia, stroke, insomnia
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24
Q

what medication is used in a cholinergic crisis (myasthenia gravis)

A

Atropine(anticholinergic)

Crisis caused by excess cholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine.

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25
Q

what medication would you use to treat radioactive iodine exposure

A

potassium iodide which is a thyroid hormone antagonist

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26
Q

Heparin antidote

A

Protamine (AEB aPTT greater then 70 sec)

27
Q

What is the drug for treatment of breast cancer what are side effects

A

Tamoxifen(estrogen receptor blocker)

  1. Hot flashes(most common)
  2. vaginal discharge and uterine cancer
  3. n/v
  4. C/V
    - chest pain, flushing, thrombus formation
28
Q

Which central dopamine receptor antagonist increases gastrointestinal motility
what are side effects

A

Metoclopramide

  1. Sedation,fatigue,dizziness(most common)
  2. tardive dyskinesia(jerky movements of face and body that you cannot control)
29
Q

which medication is given to mothers to stimulate surfactant production of the neonate

A

betamethasone

30
Q

which drug is used to induce labor and also control postpartum bleeding

A

oxytocin, it stimulates uterine contraction

31
Q

normal ALT(alanine aminotransferase)
AST
total billirubin

A

7-56 units/L
10-40 units/L
0.3 to 1.9 mg/dL

32
Q

what is ceftazidime

what are some side effects

A

a 3rd gen cephalosporin can cause

  1. liver failure
  2. kidney failure
  3. thrombocytopenia(give vitamin K)
33
Q

how does docusate sodium work

A

softens the stool by reducing surface tension allowing water to penetrate stool more easily

34
Q

give an example of an osmotic laxative and how does it work

A

glycerin suppositories lubricate the lower colon and initiate reflex contractions of the rectum

35
Q

name a bulk forming laxative and how it works

A

methylcellulose, mimics the action of fiber forming viscous compounds that soften fecal mass and increase bulk which stimulates peristalsis

36
Q

give an example of a stimulant laxative and how it works

A

bisacodyl stimulates the intestinal wall to cause peristalsis by pulling water into the intestine

37
Q

name the atypical antidepressant that is used to help quit smoking and what are some side effects

A

Bupropion

  1. CNS
    - bradykinesia
  2. Sensory
    - changes in vision and hearing
  3. Stimulation
    - insomnia,tremors,agitation,mania
38
Q

side effects of enalapril

A
  1. hypotension,tachycardia,dysrhythmias
  2. hyperkalemia
  3. Sensory
    - tinnitus,double vision,loss of taste
39
Q

Allopurinol teaching

A
  1. increase dose by 50-100mg per week up to 800 mg to reach symptom relief
  2. can cause cataracts therefore get regular eye exams
  3. drink 2L of water to prevent renal stone formation and kidney injury b/c allopurinol is eliminated through the kidneys
  4. (Hypersensitivity syndrome)stop medication at first sign of rash(may need hemodialysis or glucocorticoids)
40
Q

what is a rare but serious side effect of metoclopromide

A

tardive dyskinesia

41
Q

symptoms of hypkalemia

A
  1. difficulty concentrating
  2. shallow respirations
  3. hyporeflexia
  4. muscle weakness
42
Q

what is oxybutynin

A

it is an anticholinergic used for urinary incontinence

  1. increased intraocular pressure
    - report eye pain, halos around lights
  2. C/V
    - prolonged QT, HTN, tachycardia
  3. anticholinergic
    - mydriasis(pupil dilation), dry eyes
43
Q

what is dantrolene

A

used to treat malignant hyperthermia. It must be 1.administered rapidly (IV bolus)

  1. kept at room temperature away from light until used
  2. use it within 6 hours
  3. dilute initally with 60mL sterile water without a bacteriostatic agent and administer that rapidly.
44
Q

what is ranitidine

A

H2 antagonist used for GERD

  1. food intake doesnt matter
  2. it inhibits gastric secretions
  3. hepatotoxic
  4. store at room temp
45
Q

how can you minimize the risk of a neural tube defect

A

take folic acid 400 mcg daily

46
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

a fluoroquinolone

  1. avoid antacids with aluminum, magnesium, or calcium because they decrease blood levels.
  2. take antacids 2 hours before or 6 hours after
  3. risk of tendon rupture
    - report tendon pain or swelling
  4. milk decreases absorption
  5. increase fluid intake to decrease risk of kidney stones
47
Q

what med is used to increase platelet count. what are some side effects

A

oprelvekin
1.decrease hemoglobin,HCT,and RBCs due to increase in plasma volume
2.

48
Q

what lab can monitor for rhabdomyolysis

A

creatinine kinase which is released in response to enzymes that are released during muscle injury

49
Q

what is erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

the speed at which RBCs settle in plasma over a set amount of time. It tests inflammation. therefore you use it in RA, SLE, multiple myeloma

50
Q

metoprolol interventions

A
  1. monitor for HF due to decreased HR and contractility
    - weigh daily
  2. make sure apical pulse is >60
  3. if orthostatic hypotension is a problem give it after meals or at bedtime
51
Q

benzo antidote and what you should know

A
  1. flumazenil
  2. Max of 3 mg
  3. may cause seizures
  4. may not reverse the respiratory depression therefore you may need to intubate
52
Q

what drug is used as a reveral agent for neuromuscular blocking agents and to treat myasthenia gravis

A

Neostigmine(cholinesterase inhibitor) increases the amount of acetylcholine for neuromuscular and muscarinic responses

53
Q

what is the antidote for methotrexate toxicity

A

Leukovorin (a form of folic acid)

54
Q

what are the main symptoms of salicylism

A
  1. Tinnitus(most common)
  2. sweating, headache, dizziness

Side effects of aspirin but not salicylism

  1. gastric distress(take with food, or enteric form)
  2. kidney impairment
    - weight gain,urinary output,BUN and creatinine
  3. easy bruising
55
Q

name the EPS symptoms

A
  1. Akathisia(restless)
  2. dystonia
  3. pseudoparkinsonism
  4. TD(involuntary movements)
56
Q

neuroleptic magliant syndrome vs serotonin syndrome

A

both have fever but serotonin syndrome has diaphoresis

57
Q

anticholinergic SEs

A
  1. increased intraocular pressure
  2. blurred vision
  3. dry eyes/mouth
58
Q

what is the main drug for alzheimers and what should you know

A

donepezil

  1. Increased acetylcholine levels
    - bronchoconstriction, dyspepsia,dirrhea,dizziness
59
Q

name the most common SSRI and side effects

A

fluoxetine

  1. muscle twitching
  2. sexual dysfunction
  3. CNS
    - sedation, delusions, hallucinations, and psychosis, agitation, euphoria
60
Q

fluoxetine teaching

A

1.1-4 weeks to reach desired effect
2.St.johns wort increases risk for serotonin syndrome
(confusion,hallucinations, hyperreflexia,diaphoresis, fever)
3.suppresses platelet aggregation which increases risk for bleeding so dont take with NSAIDs

61
Q

what medication requires a restriction of tyramine

A

MAOIs such as selegiline

62
Q

what is a very common interaction between captopril

A

NSAIDs decrease the effect of the antihypertensive effect

1.also food

63
Q

name a biphosphonate what do they do and what should you know

A

Risedronate, decreases bone demineralization

  1. take with full glass of water
  2. take in the morning
  3. antacids with calcium,aluminum or magnesium decrease absorptopin take antacid 2 hours after
  4. Must be able to sit upright for 30 mins after taking to reduce adverse GI effects (esophagitis and dyspepsia)

Med surg (35 decks)

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