Acid base imbalances

Question 1

what is full compensation

Answer 1

when the pH is normal

Question 2

what factors can cause CO2 retention

Answer 2

1. respiratory depression
2. fluid in lungs
3. emboli
4. bronchil spasm(asthma)
5. COPD

Question 3

s/s of respiratory acidosis

Answer 3

1. decreased LOC
   - drowsy
2. hypotension
3. headache
4. low RR

Question 4

Interventions for respiratory acidosis

Answer 4

1. start O2

2. monitor for hyperkalemia

Question 5

causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 5

TACHYPNEA

1. Temperature high (fever)
   - increase in metabolism leads to increase in RR
2. Aspirin toxicity (causes hyperventilation)
3. Controlled mech ventilation
4. Hyperventilation
5. hYesteria/aka anxiety attack
6. pain
7. pregnancy

Question 6

signs of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 6

1. hyperventilation
2. tired from breathing so much
3. increased HR
4. tetany
5. muscle cramps
6. chvotskis sign

Question 7

what electrolyte imbalances does respiratory alkalosis cause

Answer 7

hypokalemia and hypocalcemia

Question 8

interventions for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 8

1.breath into paper bag
2.check electrolyte levels
3.

Question 9

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 9

ALKALI

1. high Aldosterone causing RAAS leading to sodium retention and hydrogen + potassium excretion
2. Loop diuretics or thiazide cause you to lose H+ ions
3. eating to much alKalosis foods(bicarb, antacids,milk)
4. the Anticoagulant called citrate (acts as bicarb) which is used to store blood and is dialysis so when you’re giving a patient a blood transfusion theyre are risk for MA
5. Loss of fluids (vomiting, NG suction)

Question 10

what happens when you lose hydrogen ions

Answer 10

you also lose potassium ions

Question 11

s/s metabolic alkalosis

Answer 11

1. caused by hypokalemia

2. bradypnea

Question 12

interventions metabolic alkalosis

Answer 12

treat cause

Question 13

which diuretic would you give for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 13

Diamox because it reduces the reabsorption of HCO3 but does waste potassium so check potassium level before giving.

Question 14

key concepts for metabolic acidosis

Answer 14

1. ketones are acids
2. kidneys filter acid and make bicarb
3. diarrhea contains bicarb
4. Kussmaul respirations (rapid and deep) is a compensatory mechanism for MA

Question 15

what is the anion gap

Answer 15

the difference between anions and cations normally 10-14.

Question 16

what causes a high anion gap in metabolic acidosis

Answer 16

to much acid production with decreased bicarb production

Question 17

what causes a normal anion gap in metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

body is losing to much bicarb (diarrhea)

Question 18

causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 18

ACIDOTIC

1. Aspirin toxicity(high anion gap) you add acid and hyperventilate causing bicarb to go down.
2. carbs not broken down(high anion gap) due to lack of O2 therefore pyruvic acid gets converted to lactic acid.
3. Insuffiency of kidney(high anion gap)
4. Diarrhea(normal anion gap)
5. Ostomy drainage, especially ileostomy(normal anion gap)
6. fisTula
7. intake of to many fats
8. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as Diamox

Question 19

s/s of metabolic acidosis

Answer 19

Kussmaul breathing

1. weak
2. decreased LOC
3. decreased BP
4. hyperkalemia
5. n/v