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Practical Year 2 > Pharmacology practical schemes > Flashcards

Pharmacology practical schemes Flashcards

1
Q

name of dosage form
Useful for

A

Orodispersible film

Pediatric and geriatric

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2
Q

This dosage from is?

give the two types

A

Rectal enema

Retention enema
Evacuant enema

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3
Q

Name dosage form a and B and give two disadvantages

A

Discus and nebulizer

inaccurate dosing
drugs may irritate epithelium

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4
Q

name of these two inhaling devices

A

Spinhaler
Discus

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5
Q

name the devices

A

neubilizer
Atomizer

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6
Q

mention this route of admin

Advantage of this route

Enumerate two drugs administered like this

A

Topical and transdermal patch

Prolong blood level with minimal fluctuation avoid 1st pass effect

Nitroglycerine and fetanyl patch

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7
Q

Name the drugs that stimulate the (agonist)

Beta 1
Histamine
Direct ones

of heart

A

Beta 1: Adrenaline, dobutamine
Histamine: Histamine
Direct cardiac stimulants: Caffine

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8
Q

Name the drugs that antagonist of the heart (beta, histamine, direct cardiac stimulants)

A

Beta 1: propranolol
Histamine: cimetidine
Direct cardiac stimulants none

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9
Q

Drugs that inhibit the heart

Nicotinic
Muscarinic
Direct cardiac depressant

A

Nicotinic: ganglion stimulants LSD
Muscarinic: Parasympathomimetic pilocarpine, carbachol, Ach
Direct cardiac dep: Quinidine

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10
Q

Drugs that inhibit heart the drug antagonist

Nicotinic
Muscarinic
Direct cardiac depressant

A

Nicotine blockers and muscarinic blockers (atropine)
Muscarinic: Atropine
Direct cardiac deppressant Effect is not blocked

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11
Q

Drugs that stimulate intestine agonist

Nicotinic
Muscarinic
Histamine 1
Angiotensin
Vasopressin

A

Nicotinic: ganglion simulant (LSD)
Muscarinic: parasympathomimetic (ach, methacoline)
Histamine
Serotonin: serotonin
Angiotensin: Angiotensin II
Vasopressin: vasopressin

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12
Q

Drugs that stimulate intestine antagonist

Nicotinic
Muscarinic
Histamine
Serotonin
Angiotensin
Vasopressin

A

Nicotine: Nicotinic blockers and muscarinic blocker

Muscarinic: Atropine

histamine: H-1 blockers as cyproheptadine

Serotonin: SHT-blockers as cyproheptadine

Angiotensin: ARBs blockers as losartan

Vasopressin: not blocked by any

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13
Q

Isolated intestine inhibition agonist

Alpha
Beta
Alpha and Beta

A

Alpha: phenylephrine
Beta: Isoprenaline
Alpha and Beta: Adrenaline

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14
Q

Isolated intestine inhibition antagonist

Alpha
Beta
Alpha and Beta

A

Alpha: a-blockers as prazosin, phentolamine

Beta: B blockers as propranolol

Alpha and beta: both a & B blockers as labetalol

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15
Q

Dugs effect on eye (cornea reflex, light reflex) mydriatics

Active (sympathomimetic)
Active (surface anesthetic)
Passive (pararsympatholytic)

A

Phenylephrine Corneal r lost light r present

Cocaine Corneal r Lost light r present

Atropine, hyoscine corneal r present light r lost

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16
Q

Miotic drug on eye effect on eye twitches

Muscarinic only
Muscarinic and Nicotinic

A

Pilocarpine absent eye twitches

carbachol, as physostigmine present

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17
Q

Treatment of VTE (DVT)

A

Initial therapy: Anticoagulation intravenous for 5-10 days as LMWH

Combination paranteral anticoagulation should overlap with vitamin K antagonist for 5 days

Maintain for treatment by an oral anticoagulant

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18
Q

Pulmonary thromboembolism treatment

A

Initial therapy: thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulation

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19
Q

Treatment of Cerebral stroke

A

exclude hemorrhagic stroke: brain imaging

give aspirin 325 mg within 48 hours stroke and IV alteplase

Aspirin after 100 mg daily if not clopidogrel

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20
Q

Stable angina treatment pathway (acute and long term)

A

Acute: nitroglycerine

Long term: B-blockers, S.D aspirin and statin.

If inadequate long acting nitrate

if not working add ranolazine if still considered revascularization

21
Q

Unstable angina

A

Emergency so must be in hospital

nitroglycerine: spray, IV then oral and transdermal

Nifedipine

Cardio-selective B1 blocker

Anti thrombin: aspirin and Heparin Iv for 6hrs

Coronary artery reperfusion surgery

22
Q

Variant angina treatment

A

Acute attack: Nitroglycerine

Long term: Long acting nitrate.

if persistent use favorable combination

23
Q

Variant angina contraindicated

A

Non-selective Beta-blockers are contraindicated

24
Q

Acute Myocardial Infarction in emergency

A

In emergency:

O2 supplement,
morphine and diazepam to relive pain,
nitrates and B blockers,
thrombolytic therapy to achieve reperfusion,
Initiate antithrombotic therapy to prevent reformation.

25
Q

Acute myocardial infarction in once patient is in hospital admission

A

Intranasal O2
Opioid analgesic
Aspirin 150 mg swallowed
Multiple lead ST-segment
Frequent measurement of vital sign

26
Q

Critically important secondary prevention efforts MI

A

Prevention of thrombus extension, embolism, venous thrombosis (aspirin 150 mg)

Thrombolysis: FIbrinolytic agents

Anticoagulants: heparin to prevent DVT

Prevention of rehappening: ACE inhibitors

27
Q

Prevention of future attacks MI

A

Platelet inhibitors like aspirin for long term bases
Anticoagulation: enoxaparin
Beta blockers for at least 2 years
Control of hyperlipidemia z

28
Q

How to treat resistant hypertension

A

Diuretic and an ACE inhibitor

In emergency hypertension: IV drugs like Nitroglycerine, Labetalol

29
Q

Drugs for mild hypertension in pregnagncy

A

Betablockers : Labetalol (first line of treatment)

Calcium channel blockers are allowed

Diuretics: only loop diuretics are allowed

30
Q

In heart failure general treatment is

A

ACE-I
Beta blockers
Mineralocorticoid receptor agonist

31
Q

Acute heart failure steps in treatment

A

Oxygen

Iv Diuretics if no symptoms of fluid overload)

IV vasodilators (Nitrates) can be given to reduce LV after load

32
Q

Management of anaphylactic shock

A

Adrenaline is first line intra muscular. If they can’t breath again stab them again.

Careful as excessive doses of adrenaline can cause hypertension and stroke.

Adrenaline inhaled treats airway obstruction

IV adrenaline in presence of hypotension shock or poor initial response

33
Q

Management of cardiogenic shock z

A

Norepinephrine is the first-line vasopressor in all forms of shock with sever hypotension

ADH (vasopressin) for patients with refractory vaso-dilator shock

Dobutamine is preferred over dopamine as it is selective B1 stimulant on heart

34
Q

Myasthenia Gravis diagnosis

A

Edrophonium IV and atropine

If improved muscle strength, then possibly myasthenia gravis

35
Q

Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis

A

Anti-choline esterase like neostigmine or pyridostigmine

Patients usually start with oral pyridostigmine usually isn’t sufficient
If it isnt take prednisolone

If they cause significant side effects, them give immunosuppressants.

36
Q

Drugs contraindicated in Myasthenia gravis

A

Skeletal muscle relaxant
Aminoglycosides
Lithium
Beta blockers (propranalol)
Anti-arrhytmic (like lidocaine)

37
Q

Migraine management in acute episode and prophylaxis

A

Acute episode: Triptans and dihydroergotamine which in sever attacks acts by VC cerebral vessels

In nonspecific treatment, NSIADS and antiemetics for mild attacks

In prophylaxis: beta-blockers, ca channel blockers and anti-convulsant.

38
Q

Microcytic hypochromic anemia AKA iron deficiency anemia treatment

A

Oral ferrous sulfate gluconate and fumarate

Side effects: upset stomach, constipation, black tarry stool.

Parenteral: Iron dextran

side effects: hypersensitivity of skin

39
Q

Macrocytic anemia treatment

A

Cyanocobalamin (intramuscular) and Hydroxocobalamin (intramuscular) used intra muscular because of absorption issues in guts

40
Q

Clinical use of folic acid

A

Used in treatment of megaloblastic anemia
With vitamin B12 pernicious anemia

41
Q

Drugs used in treatment of asthma

A

Bronchodilators which are B2 agonist: SABA

Anti-inflammatory agents like corticosteroids: ICS

42
Q
A
43
Q

prescription for urgent situations (part 1)

Hypertensive emergency with pulmonary edema
Acute anginal attack
Acute attack of bronchial asthma
Acute attack of migraine headache
Anaphylactic shock

A

furosemide ampule 20 mg

Nitroglycerin tablet 0.5 mg

Salbutamol inhaler

Sumatriptan tablets 50 mg

Adrenaline ampoule 0.5 mg

44
Q

Parasympathetic depressant for treatment of intestinal colic

A

Hyoscine butyl bromide Tablets 10 mg (after eating 3 times per day)

45
Q

Autacoid prescriptions

Non-sedating anti histamine used in allergy

Serotonin agonist to stop vomiting in chemo

A

Cetirizine tablet 10 mg

Ondansetron ampoule 8 mg

46
Q

Diuretic perscriptions

Lower limb edema

for mild hyper tension

A

Bumetanide tablet 1 mg

Hydrochlorothiazide tablet 25 mg

47
Q

Cardiovascular prescriptions

Ca channel blocker for hypertension

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for hypertension

A

Amlodipine tablet 10 mg

Lisinopril tablet 10 mg

48
Q

Nitrates for prophylaxis of angina

B-adrenergic blocker for angina pectoris

Anti-platelet drug for prophylaxis of angina pectoris with peptic ulcer patient

A

Isosorbide mononitrate capsules 25 mg

Antenolol tablets 100 mg

Clopidogrel tablets 75 mg

Practical Year 2 (9 decks)

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