Pathology practical 2 Flashcards
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology 3
Diagnosis 2
Distal part of ureters, bladders, and prostate
bladder mucosae shows sandy patches
Bladder is hypertrophied, dilated
small polyps on bladder lumen
Bilharzial cystitis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology 2
Diagnosis
part of sigmoid colon
mucosa has large number of variable sized polyps
Polyps are grayish sessile and pedunculated
Bilharzial polyps of colon
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology 3
Diagnosis
Half of foot
shows multiple irregular abscess cavities showing necrotic contents and showing black granular fungus
inflammatory and necrotic process on soft and boney tissue
some abscesses on skin
Madura foot
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
both kidney, ureters, bladders and prostate
Bladder mucosa shows sandy patches and fissured transverse ulcer.
left ureter is thickened, marked dilated and yellow patches.
Left pelvis are dilated and mucosa shows sandy patches.
Bilharzial cystitis with sandy patches and fissured ulcer
Bilharzial ureteritis with sandy patches
Left hydroureter and hydronephrosis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology 2
Diagnosis
Left foot
skin is thickened and nodular
Nodules are variable sized and grayish ulcerations are seen
Nodular leprosy
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Pancreas, mesentery, mesenteric and para-aortic lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are enlarged and matted
cut section is yellow and caseous
Nodes are surrounded by greyish fibrous tissue
Tabes mesenterica
Tuberculosis of para-aortic lymph nodes
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
segment of SI
Mucosa has many transverse ulcers
ulcers have undermined edges and yellowish caseous floor
Secondary intestinal tuberculosis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis 3
ileum with mesentery
intestine is twisted leading to moist gengtrene on wall
Mesentery shows hyperaemic patches
Merckel’s diverticulum 3cm
Merckel’s diverticulum
Intestinal volvulus with gangrene
Septic peritonitis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
unopened heart
Visceral pericardium is dull, opaque and grayish due to fibrin deposition
Fibrinous pericarditis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
sectioned lung
Lung section showing yellow metastatic nodules (usually big)
Lung metastases
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Opened caecum and appendix
Mucosa of the caecum shows large irregular ulcer
Edges of the ulcer are raised, everted and floor is yellowish-gray and necrotic
Ulcerative carcinoma of the caecum
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Part of skull
Outer part has projecting globular mass that is non capsulated and ivory white in appearance, The mass is very hard and the groove seen at the bottom is an attempt of sawing the tumor
Ivory osteoma of skull
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
An aortic segment with two common iliac arteries
Intima of aorta and common iliac arteries has multiple yellow irregular atherosclerotic patches
some lesions are ulcerated and there are small brownish thrombi
Atherosclerosis of abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries associated with ulceration and thrombosis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Part of large cystic ovarian mass
Outer surface is smooth while inner surface has dermoid ridge projecting in cyst and shows different tissue like hair and teeth
Dermoid cyst of ovary
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Open uterus
Oval polyp arising from endometrium
Polyp is well defined grayish and has tiny cysts on surface
Endometrial polyp
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
one half of an appendix
it is markedly swollen
Mucosal lining is necrotic and dull brown
Wall is perforated near the tip with yellowish exudates deposited on the outer surface.
Acute suppurative appendicitis
Septic peritonitis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Section of the spleen
Spleen is enlarged.
Blue fibrosiderotic nodules (blue because of potassium ferrocyanide and hydrochloric acid)
Congestive splenomegaly due to portal hypertension
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Past of the skull cap
Skull shows multiple variable-sized irregular defects
Bone adjacent to these defects shows worm eaten appearance
Syphilitic osteitis of the skull
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Sectioned lung
The cut surface of the lung shows numerous scattered small caseous foci
Enlarged lymph node
Pleural fibrosis and adhesion
Miliary tuberculosis of the lung
Pleural fibrosis and adhesions
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Two slices of liver
enlarged liver
The cut surface shows multiple irregular small abscess cavities
Their lining is irregular yellowish and shreddy necrotic
Very tiny cavities are due to post mortem autolysis
Pyaemic abscesses of the liver
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
IVC and common iliac veins
Lumen of vessels is occluded by dark red thrombi
Thrombosis of the IVC and the common iliac veins
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Sectioned lung
Has apical cavity with yellow caseous lining
Smooth fibroused wall
Small caseous foci
Transverse ridge
Natural is inflammatory
Chronic fibro caseous pulmonary TB
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Bisected spleen
Spleen is enlarged
Cut shows many recent infracts which are wedged-shaped
Bases are bulging covered with opaque fibrin deposits
Infracts are brownish with pale periphery
Multiple recent splenic infracts
Perisplenitits
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
A section of the shaft of femur
Medullary canal shows a non capsulated infiltrating tumor mass
femur shows marked destruction in pathological fracture
Metastatic tumor of the femur associated with pathological fracture (fracture without trauma)
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
A slice of enlarged liver
Dark areas (congestion) yellow areas (fatty changed) surface shows nutmeg appearance
Caused by RS heart failure
Chronic venous congestion of the liver
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Left foot
Foot is black, shrunken and mummified
An irregular groove
The anterior tibial artery is yellow thickened due to atherosclerosis and an occluding thrombosis
Dry gangrene of the left foot
Atherosclerosis and thrombosis of anterior tibial artery
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Open stomach
Stomach appears rigid and contracted
Gastric wall is diffused thickened and infiltrated by a grayish tumor growth
Mucosal folds are obliterated
Diffuse infiltrative carcinoma of stomach
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Right upper limb
Distal of the arm forearm are dark brown with skin maceration
Circular groove is sight of tourniquet
No line of separation was identified
Moist gangrene of the right upper arm
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Section in the arm
Lower part of humerus is destroyed and replaced by large mass
Mass is non capsulated fleshy, grayish brown. Cut section areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. Skin has keloids
Osteosarcoma of the humerus
Multiple keloids (scars)
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Section in the lung
Lower lobe is grayish and swollen and sharp border
Pleura is dull and opaque reticulated fibrin deposition
Upper and middle lobes are collapsed with scattered black spots
caused by acute non-suppurative inflammation
Lobular pneumonia and fibrinous pleurisy
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Bisected kidney
outer surface has depressions representing base of infracts they are whitish gray
Infractions are pyramidal in shape with dark margin
Healed renal infarcts
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Half of a cystic ovarian mass
oval unilocular cyst
outer surface is smooth and greyish
inner surface has many papillae
Papillary serous cystadenoma of ovary
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Small intestine
Dilated due to intestinal obstruction
Tumor is well defined and grayish
Intact mucosa
Fibroma
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Section in lung
Large cavity with Smooth lining with THICK fibrous wall
Collapse lung
Pleura fibrosis and adhesion
Chronic Lung Abscess
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
section in Liver
Size reduced
Borders Sharp
has regenerated nodules grayish white 1cm and surrounded by fibrosis
Liver cirrhosis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Breast mass
mammary hyperplasia with breast fat and the mass is capsulated well defined greyish mass
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Lipoma
Capsulated mass, lobulated yellow
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Sectioned
Multiple abscesses yellow shreddy linning
Some abscess has blackish line
Pleural fibrosis and adhesion
Acute superlative inflammation
Acute lung abscess and gangrene Pleural fibrosis and adhesions
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Breast
Fibrous capsule with well defined greyish mass
not pre cancerous so begnin
Peri canalicular Fibroadenoma
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Testicular mass
Smooth outer surface
Lobules with hair tuffs
Mature cystic teratoma
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Scalp
Raised everted edge, malignant ulcer and necrotic floor
Ulcerative carcinoma
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Mastectomy specimen breast
Nipple is retracted (due to fibrosis)
Depressed skin due to fibrosis (orange appearance)
Irregular invasive ill-defined grayish white mass
Invasive duct carcinoma
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Liver section
Lobulated surface
healed gummata surrounded by fibrosis
Hepar Lobatum
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Hand
Raised everted edges, necrotic floor, hemorrhage
Malignant ulcer
Ulcerative carcinoma
What is the specimen?
Gross pathology
Diagnosis
Section in liver
Reduced size
Sharp borders
Thick grayish fibrosed portal tracts
Irregular surface
Bilharzial periportal Fibrosis
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Liver tissue
Subserosal CT showing edema and congested capillaries with fibrin network
Fibrinous peritonitis
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Small intestine
Subserosal CT showing edema and congested capillaries with fibrin network
Fibrinous peritontis
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Appendix
Mucosa, submucosa and musculosa show edema congested capillaries
Acute suppurative appendicitis
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Lung
Alveolar space contain network of fibrin entangling many RBCS. They also show edema and congestion of capillaries
Lobar Pneumonia
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Myocardium
Area of scar tissue which has some fibroblasts, dilated capillaries. Adjacent muscle fibers are red and atrophic
Healed Myocardial infarct
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Non capsulated benign tumor
Branched core of CT covered by a thick hyperplastic stratified squamous epithelium
Squamous cell papilloma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Benign tumor in intestine
Proliferated acini variable in size and shape line with columnar cell
Adenoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Benign tumor in breast
Proliferated ducts round in cut section. Ducts are separated by delicate fibrous tissue containing blood vessels
Pericanalicular fibroadenoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Benign tumor of breast
Proliferated ducts compressed and invaginated surrounded by CT stroma.
Intracanalicular fibroadenoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Benign tumor
Fibrous capsule surrounds the tumor and sends fibro vascular septa dividing the tumor into lobules
Lipoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Uterine cervix
Cell shows loss of orientation, large hyperchromatic nuclei.
Squamous cell carcinoma INSITU
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Skin
Tumor masses periphery show a layer of cell nests. They are polyhedral in shape
Squamous cell carcinoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Breast
Malignant tumor formed of infiltrating sheets of malignant epithelial cells separated by dense fibrous stroma
Infiltrating duct carcinoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Colonic wall
A malignant tumor formed of irregular acini infiltrating the submucosa and muscle layer,
Adenocarcinoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Enlarged lymph node
partial replacement of the nodal tissue by malignant tumor deposits
Metastatic carcinoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Malignant tumor
Proliferated spindle cells arranged in herring bone pattern
Fibrosarcoma
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Lung tissue
Alveolar spaces contain transudate. Alveolar walls are thickened due to interstitial edema and congested capillaries
Chronic venous congestion
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Liver tissue
Central veins and sinusoids are dilated and congested. Liver cells in the center of the lobules show complete necrosis
Chronic venous congestion
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Transverse section in a blood vessel
The thrombus in between the lines of Zhan is formed by a network fibrin entangling the red and white blood cells
Recent thrombus
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Section in spleen
Infraction appears as structureless pink area. In between the two zones, there is a zone of congestion (it is sandwiched)
Infarction in spleen
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Lung tissue
Infract showing atrophic alveolar walls appearing as thin fibrous septa and alveolar spaces containing many intact RBCS. Rest of lung shows chronic venous congestion
Infraction of Lung
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Lymph node
Multiple tubercles are seen surrounded by caseation with langhan’s giant cells
Caseating tuberculosis
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Lung
Small tubercles scattered in the interstitial lung tissue usually near small blood vessels.
Miliary tuberculosis
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Skin
Each abscess consist of blue fungal colonies surrounded by neutrophils and macrophages
Madura foot
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Colon
Many bilharzial ova in the submucosa that has yellowish shell. The ova are surrounded by bilharzial reaction.
Bilharziasis
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Polyp in colon
central core of vascular CT showing fresh, degenerated and calcified ova surrounded by bilharzial reaction
Bilharzial polyp of colon
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Section from the urinary bladder wall
Bilharzial ova are deposited mainly in the submucosa and less in other layers. Ova are surrounded by bilharzial reaction
Bilharziasis in urinary bladder
Section in?
Arrow points to?
Diagnosis
Section in liver
Portal tracts show wide fibrous expansion while liver lobules are normal
Bilharzial periportal fibrosis
