Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system Flashcards
what is the ANS
integrated and involuntary. includes motor nerves
what are the two main NT
NA and AcH
NT of Somatic NS
AcH
NT of ANS Sympathetic
AcH to the ganglion then NA
AcH to the medulla then A and NA
NT of ANS Parasympathetic
AcH to the ganglion
Somatic NS effoctor organ
skeletal muscle
Autonomic NS effoctor organ
smooth muscle
glands
cardiac muscle
side effects of muscarin
Aminata muscaria
Inocybe
Miosis Salivation Lacrimation Perspiration Vomiting Diarrhoea Bradycardia Confusion Coma
The actions of the parasympathetic system include:
a decrease of the rate and force of the heart beat
increased activity of the digestive system
emptying of the urinary bladder
erection of the genital (erectile) tissue
secretion of the salivary and lacrimal glands
where are the The cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons are located
located in the brain stem and in S2-4.
what mimics the PSNS
agonists
what inhibits the PSNS
antagonists
what is the side effect of cholinergic neurone- nicotinic
ACUTE Miosis Salivation Lacrimation Perspiration Vomiting Diarrhoea Tachycardia Hypertension Tachypnea Agitation
Nicotinic receptors
Ligand gated ion channels
Depolarisations
Nerve to nerve -ganglia
Nerve to muscle
Muscarinic receptors
G protein receptor 7TM ATP Indirect Depolarise, secretion contraction Not on motor end plate
Presynaptic Uptake blocker
Hemicholinium
Presynaptic Pre-Uptake release blocker
botulinium
Clostridium botulinum
10-12 g
NOT SPECIFIC
Synaptic Calabar beans
ANS STIMULATION
CNS STIMULATION
Muscle fasiculation
Death
Nerve gases
Insecticides
Synaptic.Cholinesterase inhibitors
Tissue Plasma (pseudo Edrophonium Neostigmine Pyridostigmine MG & Anaesthesia competitive
Synaptic.Cholinesterase inhibitorsIRREVERSIBLE
PRALIDOXIME-REACTIVATES
POST SYNAPTIC-NICOTINIC
CURARE TUBOCURARINE FLACCID PARALYSIS MUSCLE RELAXATION RESPIRATION COMPETITIVE ANTAGONIST
Atracurium
intermediate
Pancuronium
long
Mivacurium
labile in plasma
POST SYNAPTIC-NICOTINIC
TONIC PARALYSIS in birds- man?
RESPIRATION
DEPOLARISING agonist—block
Suxamethonium
Rapid on off
Cholinesterase
pharmacogenomics
POST SYNAPTIC-MUSCARINIC
Deadly nightshade
Belladonna
Atropine
Circular-
Psymp
Radial-
Symp
Muscarinic receptor drugsAntagonists
Atropine, Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
- secretions, bradycardia (A only), gut hypermotility
-H motion sickness, depressant rather than stimulant
Tropicamide -opthalmology
Muscarinic receptor drug Agonist-
Pilocarpine -glaucoma
The (nor)Adrenergic neurone
Tachycardia Hypertension Pallor Mydriasis Bronchodilation
The functions of the sympathetic system include:
acceleration of the heart and increase in the force of heart beat
rise of arterial blood pressure, direction of blood flow from the
viscera to the limbs
dilatation of the bronchi (NOT)
Elevation of blood sugar - adrenaline
what is the SymNS mimicked by
agonists
what is the SymNS inhibited by
antagonists
PRESYNAPTIC Inhibition of Synthesis methyltyrosine
Uptake 1 blockers Cocaine Uptake 1 blockers Tricyclic antidepressants-desipramine Potentiate endogenous NAd
PRESYNAPTICIndirectly acting sympathomimetics
Tyramine
Amphetamines
Synaptic MAO inhibitors
All mono amines Type A and B phenelzine Anti depressants see -CNS lectures ANS interaction through food and wine
Post Synapticalpha and beta adrenoreceptors
Agonists
Noradrenaline> adrenaline> isoprenaline> salbutamol
Shock
Asthma
Alpha and beta selectivity
Alpha-usually ANS
Beta usually humeral
Post Synapticalpha and beta adrenoreceptors
Alpha antagonists
Phenoxybenzamine non selective
Prazosin alpha-1selective
LIMITED USE IN HYPERTENSION
Post Synapticalpha and beta adrenoreceptorsAntagonists
Propranolol Beta 1 and 2 Asthmatics bronchospasm Beta-1 Atenolol beta-1 cardio-selective
Post Synapticalpha and beta adrenoreceptorsAgonists
Beta-1 Dobutamine Dopamine Beta-2 Salbutamol Terbutaline Salmeterol
