Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology/Oncology > Pharmacology of Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet Drugs, Coagulations & Thrombolytics > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet Drugs, Coagulations & Thrombolytics Flashcards

1
Q

What receptor is responsible for platelet-platelet binding?

A

GpIIb/IIIa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What class of anticlotting drugs is most useful in treating areterial thromboses?

A

Antiplatelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True/False. All indirect thrombin inhibitors are approved for use during pregnancy.

A

False - only heparin is approved for pregnancy. Fondaparinux is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

These drugs are used to treat life-threatening pulmonary emboli, severe deep vein thrombosis, and acute ischemic stroke.

A

Recombinant tPA - alteplase, reteplace, teneteplase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the only classes of anticlotting drugs that dissolves existing clots?

A

Fibrinolytics and thrombolytics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True/False. Aspirin is indicated for primary prevention of heart attack or stroke.

A

False - no evidence supports aspirin as a primary preventative. Evidence does support use to prevent another heart attack or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the MOA of Fondaparinux differ from heparin?

A

Both are indirect thrombin inhibitors, but Fondaparinux only enhances antithrombin’s ability to inactive Factor X and not thrombin directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antifibrinolytics inhibt the activity of plasminogen activators. What drugs belong to this class?

A

Aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What clotting factors require Vitamin K for activation?

A

Factors II, VII, IX, X, Proteins C & S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What anticoagulants are direct Factor X inhibitors?

A

Rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A PT test monitors the anticoagulation of what drug?

A

Warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To what drug class do dipyridamole and cilostazol belong? What is their MOA?

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors - increase platelet cAMP, which inhibits platelet aggregation by modifying the ADP P2Y12 receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the antidote for heparin toxicity?

A

Protamine sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What indirect thrombin inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with renal failure?

A

Low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the classes of antiplatelet drugs?

A

COX inhibitors, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, P2Y12 receptor blockers, GpIIb/IIIa receptor blockers, PAR antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the reversal agent for dabigatran?

A

Idarucizumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

P2Y12 receptor blockers irreversibly inhibit ADP binding to the receptor. What drugs belong to this class?

A

Ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What molecules are released by active platelets to enhance aggregation and vasoconstriction?

A

ADP, TXA2, serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This molecule naturally exists in the body to inhibit factors II, IX, X, XI, XII

A

Antithrombin III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What antiplatelet drugs act by blocking the GpIIb/IIIa receptors?

A

Abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban

21
Q

True/False. Direct thrombin inhibitors bind free and clot-bound thrombin

A

True

22
Q

What is the primary contraindication of warfarin?

A

Pregnancy

23
Q

True/False. Warfarin is indicated to treat acute clots.

A

False - warfarin takes 4-5 days to become fully active. It is used as a preventative agent, not a curative agent

24
Q

What drugs are used to treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?

A

Direct thrombin inhibitors (bivalirudin, argatroban, dabigatran)

25
Q

This is a serious, but life-threatening ADR of heparin?

A

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

26
Q

How do the MOAs of warfarin and direct factor X inhibitors differ?

A

Warfarin inhibits the Vitamin K epoxide reductase, which when active, activates certain clotting factors that go on to activate Factor X.

Direct Factor X inhibitors directly inhibit the activity of free and clot-bound Factor X

27
Q

What is the MOA of aspirin?

A

Irreversibly inhibits COX 1 & 2 to decrease production of TXA2 (thromboxane)

28
Q

What is the reversal agent for the direct factor X inhibitors?

A

Andexanet alpha

29
Q

This antifibrinolytic is used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding.

A

Tranexamic acid

30
Q

What is the MOA of heparin?

A

Heparin is an anticoagulant that indirectly inhibits thrombin by binding to antithrombin III and enhancing its functioning

31
Q

This anticoagulant is a Vitamin K antagonist.

A

Warfarin

32
Q

Clopidogrel is a prodrug that requires activation via liver metabolism. What enzyme is responsible for this transformation?

A

CYP2C19

33
Q

What drugs are recombinant tPA?

A

Alteplase, reteplace, teneteplase

34
Q

CYP2C9 is important in the metabolism of what anticoagulant?

A

Warfarin

35
Q

These drugs reversibly inhibit COX 1 & 2 to inhibit TXA2 production.

A

NSAIDs

36
Q

What are the three classes of anticlotting drugs?

A

Antiplatelets, anticoagulants and thrombolytics, fibrinolytics

37
Q

What is the only antiplatelet drug that is a reversible antagonist of the P2Y12 receptor and its primary side effect?

A

Ticagrelor, shortness of breath

38
Q

What test can be used to monitor heparin anticoagulation?

A

PTT

39
Q

What are the direct thrombin inhibitors?

A

Hirudin, bivalirudin, argatroban, dabigatran

40
Q

What primary ADR is associated with abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban?

A

These are antiplatelet drugs -GpIIb/IIIa blockers. Primary ADR is thrombocytopenia

41
Q

Early in administration, warfarin creates a hypercoagulable state that increases the risk of warfarin-induced skin necrosis due to clots. Explain the pathophysiology.

A

Warfarin inactivates protein C. Protein C functions as an inactivator of several clotting factors. Early inactivation of Protein C increases the risk of coagulation before warfarin’s anticoagulant effect is fully achieved

42
Q

What is a contraindication for cilostazol use?

A

Congestive heart failure

43
Q

What is the MOA of fibrinolytics?

A

Activate plasminogen to plasmin to breakdown fibrin clots

44
Q

What is the MOA of vorapaxar?

A

Antiplatelet - competitive antagonist of the PAR receptor to prevent thrombin from binding platelets

45
Q

What are the clinical indications for dabigatran?

A

Prevent venous thrombosis post-surgery, atrial fibrillation

46
Q

This drug is used to prepare patients with hemophilia or vWF disease for elective surgery.

A

Desmopressin

47
Q

True/False. Heparin only affects free thrombin and Factor X.

A

True - heparin has no effect on clot-bound thrombin or Factor X

48
Q

This test is used to assess platelet functioning.

A

Bleeding time

49
Q

This drug stabilizes and increases the activity of Factor VIII and vWF.

A

Desmopressin

Hematology/Oncology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions