Pharmacology of Anesthesia QUIZ Flashcards
A common side effect of phenothiazine sedatives (i.e. Acepromazine):
1. Bradycardia
2. Vomiting
3. Hypotension / Hypothermia
4. Appetite stimulation
- Hypotension / Hypothermia
Which of the following agents has a reversal agent available?
(choose all correct answers)
1. Phenothiazines (i.e. acepromazine)
2. Dissociatives (i.e. ketamine)
3. Alpha-2 agonists (i.e. xylazine)
4. Benzodiazepines (i.e. diazepam)
- Alpha-2 agonists (i.e. xylazine)
- Benzodiazepines (i.e. diazepam)
Propofol: (choose one most correct answer)
1. is given based on calculations only (rapid bolus)
2. Contains egg and soy
3. Does not expire
4. Is effective if given intramuscular
- Contains egg and soy
Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC):
1. Is the same for induction and maitenance
2. Is the same for all anesthetic agents
3. Is the amount of anesthetic needed to have 50% of patients in Stage III anesthesia
4. Is the amount of anesthetic needed to have 90-100% of patients in Stage III anesthesia
5. None of the answers are correct
- Is the amount of anesthetic needed to have 50% of patients in Stage III anesthesia
Ultra-short acting barbiturates:
1. Are not recommended for use in sighthounds
2. Are controlled substances
3. Can cause significant necrosis if given extravascular
4. All answers are correct
5. No answers are correct
6. Have a small margin of safety
- All answers are correct
Anticholinergics are used to treat:
1. Tachycardia
2. Over-sedation
3. Dry mouth
4. Bradycardia
- Bradycardia
T/F: Ketamine can result in dried corneas if the eyes are not lubricated
True
Contraindications or cautions for each:
1. Thiopental
2. Alfax
3. Propofol
4. Dexmedetomidine
5. Ace
6. Diazepam
7. Ketamine
Indications:
a. Has to be used within 8 hours of opening
b. Not for use in seizure patients
c. Profound bradycardia
d. Can cause excitement in recovery
e. Catalepsy
f. Can cause skin damage if outside the vein
g. Can cause liver failure if given orally to cats
- Thiop: Can cause skin damage if outside the vein
- Alfax: Can cause excitement in recovery
- Prop: Has to be used within 8 hours of opening
- Dex: Profound bradycardia
- Ace: Not for use in seizure patients
- Diaz: Can cause liver failure if given orally to cats
- Keta: Catalepsy
Name two potential NEGATIVE side effects of anesthesia that we wish to minimize:
a. hypo- or hypertension
b. cardiac arrhythmias; bradycardia or tachycardia
c. lack of gag reflex increases risk of aspiration
d. hyper- or hypo-thermia
e. hypo- or hyper-ventilation
Describe the difference between anesthesia and analgesia.
- Analgesia is pain relief without loss of consciousness.
- Anesthesia is a loss of physical sensation with or without loss of consciousness.
(Don’t forget local anesthetic agents are included with the definition)
List two reasons why inductions with inhaled anesthetics (mask or box) should be avoided.
a. Danger to staff:
- Opening box or not tight mask seal exposes staff to large amounts of anesthetic gas.
- Masked down Stage II Delirium may cause injury/stress to staff.
b. Danger to patient:
- Airway is not controlled for extended period of time.
- May have a long Stage II Delirium phase and be injured with thrashing or heavy restraint
- May have hyperthermia develop in box.
What is this dogs stage & plane of anesthesia?
Stage III, Plane II
What is this piece of monitoring equipment called?
What does it measure?
Doppler
Systolic BP
What is the cause of this error?
How is this a risk to your patient?
- Pop off valve closed
- Pressure build-up inside system can cause trauma to patient lungs (and sometimes death)
What is this monitoring device called?
What does it measure?
- Capnometer
- ETCO2
