Intro to Anesthesia p1

Question 1

Anesthesia definition

Answer 1

Local or general loss of bodily sensation, especially of touch

Question 2

Sedation definition

Answer 2

Decreased consciousness (doesn’t change pain perception)

Question 3

Local anesthesia definition

Answer 3

Anesthesia to a specific body region without change in consciousness

Question 4

General anesthesia definition

Answer 4

Anesthesia with loss of consciousness

Question 5

Paralysis definition

Answer 5

Loss of function/movement of a body part

Question 6

Pre-anesthetic exam needs… (6)

Answer 6

1. Hx
   - Risk factors
2. Physical exam
   - Cardiovascular health
3. Age
   - Pediatric & geriatric
4. Breed
   - Brachycephalic
   - Sighthounds
   - Cavalier king charles and maine coons
5. Temperament
6. Procedure type

Question 7

T/F: All procedures and anesthetic plans should be individualized to each patient

Answer 7

True! There are no recipes when it comes to anesthesia

Question 8

ASA importance (3)

Answer 8

1. Allows for quick assessment of the patient
2. Allows for techs & vets to understand additional monitoring or concerns throughout the procedure
3. Quick way to eval patient and their needs

Question 9

ASA levels (5)

Question 10

What is a normal RR on a patient undergoing surgery?

Answer 10

8-20bpm
Or average of 12bpm

Question 11

RR less than ____bpm is typically considered excessive anesthetic depth

Answer 11

8bpm

Question 12

T/F: When anesthetic depth becomes dangerously deep, the heart will cease before respirations

Answer 12

False! Respirations will cease before the heart does

Question 13

“_____” anesthetic inj drugs may cause irregular breathing patterns

Answer 13

Dissociative

Question 14

Gasping or labored breathing (while under) usually indicates:

Answer 14

Tracheal or ET obstruction

Question 15

Agonal breathing definition

Answer 15

Not true gas exchange breathing, usually occurring after prolonged apnea

Question 16

Agonal gasps definition

Answer 16

Occur after cardiac arrest

Question 17

Positive pressure breathing
1. How often should the patient be “bagged”?
2. How is it done?

Answer 17

1. 5-10min. Opens alveoli to allow for better gas exchange.
2. Close pop off valve, inflate bag 20cmH2O on manometer, then open valve.

Question 18

Heart rate for
Canine:
Feline:

Answer 18

Canine: 80-120bpm
Feline: 100-180bpm

Question 19

Mucous membrane coloring
1. Pink:
2. Pale pink:
3. Blue/purple:
4. Red/injected:

Answer 19

1. Pink: Normal and good!
2. Pale pink: Blood loss or poor perfusion
3. Blue/purple: Oxygen shortage in the tissues
4. Red/injected: Can be a sign of cyanide intoxication

Question 20

CRT is a brief indication of blood ____/____

Answer 20

Pressure/perfusion

Question 21

What areas of the patient do we monitor? (6)

Answer 21

1. Palpebral reflex
2. Laryngeal reflex
3. Pedal reflex
4. Swallow reflex
5. Corneal
6. Auricular

Question 22

What do this monitor for?
1. Palpebral reflex
2. Laryngeal reflex
3. Pedal reflex
4. Swallow reflex
5. Corneal
6. Auricular

Answer 22

1. Blink
2. Intubation
3. Withdrawal
4. Intubation & extubation
5. Blink/withdrawal (present until too deep)
6. Ear flick

Question 23

___ position within the socket, the size of the ___, and response to ___ can be used to assess depth

Answer 23

1. Eye
2. Pupil
3. Light

Question 24

Name the levels of depth based on this image

Answer 24

Question 25

As anesthetic increases, ___ constrict more slowly in response to light. If a patient arrests & expires, ___ are fully dilated.

Answer 25

1. Pupils
2. Pupils

Question 26

Assessing anesthetic depth using reflex response:
1. Stage one:
2. Stage two:
3. Stage three:
- Planes 1-4
4. Stage four:

Answer 26

1. Stage one: All present
2. Stage two: All present, might be exaggerated, “excitement phase”
3. Stage three
   - Plane 1: Light anesthesia. Swallowing poor or absent, others present but not diminished
   - Plane 2: Surgical anesthesia. Patellar, ear flick, palpebral & corneal may be present, others absent.
   - Plane 3: Deep anesthesia. All reflexes diminished or absent.
   - Plane 4: No reflex activity. Overdose depth.
4. Stage four: No reflex activity. Dying.

Question 27

T/F: The deeper the plane of anesthesia, the more relaxed the jaw is & there is less resistance to opening. You can check anal tone once jaw is no longer assessable for depth.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

1. Stage one state:
2. Plane one:
3. Plane two:
4. Plane three:

Answer 28

1. Stage one state: Not anesthetized
2. Plane one: Fully conscious & relaxed
3. Plane two: Not easily observable
4. Plane three: Unaware of surroundings

Question 29

Stage two is nicknamed the “____ phase” and we try to ___ this stage.

Answer 29

1. Excitement
2. Avoid

Question 30

List three patient reactions during the “excitement phase” and patient position when it ends

Answer 30

1. Retching
2. Thrash
3. Vocalize
4. Irregular breathing
5. Ends with muscle relaxation

Question 31

1. Stage three: What happens to gag reflex?
2. Plane one:
3. Plane two:
4. Plane three:
5. Plane four:

Answer 31

1. Stage three: Gag reflex is suppressed & may need assist breathing.
2. Plane one: Loss of pain response
3. Plane two: Surgical plane!!
4. Plane three: Deep surgical plane
5. Plane four: Beginnings of respiratory paralysis.

Question 32

Stage four: Respiratory paralysis
List the depth signs (7)

Answer 32

1. Medullary (brain & spinal cord) paralysis
2. Respiratory arrest
3. Vasomotor collapse occurs (nerves & muscles that control blood vessels
4. Circulatory flow drastically reduced
5. Blood pressure & pulse feeble
6. Respiration will cease
7. DEATH!