Pharmacology of Analgesia QUIZ & LAB Flashcards
Describe each:
1. Opioids
2. Preemptive
3. NSAIDs
4. Transdermal
5. Lidocaine or Bupivicaine
6. Pain
7. Nociceptor
8. COX-2 prostaglandins
Descriptions:
a. Class commonly used for topical & local pain control.
b. Chemicals in the body that are inflammatory mediators
c. Class that reduces inflammation as well as pain.
d. Unpleasant sensory experience.
e. Class that includes fentanyl & morphine.
f. Route of analgesia that involves a patch that slowly administers meds into the skin.
g. Receptor that translates unpleasant sensations into nerve impulse transmission.
h. Analgesia given before Sx to help reduce post-op pain.
- Class that includes fentanyl & morphine. -Opioids
- Analgesia given before Sx to help reduce post-op pain. - Preemptive
- Class that reduces inflammation as well as pain. - NSAIDs
- Route of analgesia that involves a patch that slowly administers meds into the skin. - Transderm
- Class commonly used for topical & local pain control. - Lid or Bup
- Unpleasant sensory experience. - Pain
- Receptor that translates unpleasant sensations into nerve impulse transmission. Nociceptor
- Chemicals in the body that are inflammatory mediators. - COX-2
T/F: The effects of α2 – agonists such as medetomidine and xylazine, may be antagonized with α2 – antagonists such as atipamezole, or yohimbine respectively.
True
T/F: Ketamine is used to reverse the effects associate with opioids
False
T/F: The Numerical Rating Score (or Pain Scale such as from Colorado State University) is identical across all species
False
T/F: The process of increasing sensitivity of the brain & spinal cord to pain is known as “wind-up”.
True
T/F: NSAID overdoses typically only cause vomiting and do not affect the kidneys.
False
T/F: Fentanyl patches can be cut to the appropriate size and dose to fit the patient
False
T/F: Intra-articular anesthesia involves injection of local anesthetics or opioids into a joint
True
Before applying a Fentanyl transdermal patch, the area should be clipped and
1. gently cleaned with alcohol and completely air dried
2. vigorously scrubbed with alcohol
- gently cleaned with alcohol (perferrably water) and completely air dried
Adverse effects of NSAIDs include:
1. Catalepsy
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Gastric ulceration
4. Mydriasis
- Gastric ulceration
Which of the following lacks analgesic qualities?
1. Xylazine
2. Ketamine
3. Propofol
4. Fentanyl
5. Morphine
- Propofol
Premedication’s (pre-anesthetics) are used to:
1. Increase the side effects of anesthetic drugs
2. Increase the amount of discomfort that would be expected postoperatively
3. Calm an excited animal and provide preemptive analgesia
4. Increase the amount of anesthesia needed
- Calm an excited animal and provide preemptive analgesia
The term to describe the administration of low doses of drugs in IV fluids at a fixed rate over time is called:
1. Epidural
2. Constant rate infusion
3. Local anesthetic
4. Transdermal patch
- Constant rate infusion
Describe four parameters of a patient that you can monitor to assess their level of pain post-operatively. (such as found on a Pain Scoring System)
- Behavior: How the animal responds to people, touch, and their environment (vocalizing, appetite)
- Physiological measurements: Temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure
- Gait/Posture
- Facial expressions: The facial grimace scale for cats and rabbits assesses the position of the eyes, nose, and whiskers
Name four consequences of Pain (or why the veterinary team should control pain well)
a. poor wound healing/poor immune status
b. poor appetite/weight loss
c. decrease in human-animal bond (animal aggression or hiding)
d. ethics/inhumane to not fully and effectively treat pain
e. decrease perfusion/heart arrhythmias
f. increase morbidity/mortality (shock/poor organ function)
