Pharmacology - Noradrenergic Flashcards
How is adrenaline formed?
Tyrosine
DOPA
Dopamine
NAd
Adrenaline
NAd receptors are either … or ….
alpha or beta
Alpha 1 receptors
Where are they found?
What do they cause?
Vessels and sphincters
Cause Vasoconstriction
Agonism
Alpha 2 receptors
Where are they found?
What do they cause?
Vessels and sphincters
Vasoconstriction + bladder contraction + pupil dilation
Examples of Alpha receptors affecting drugs?
Tamsulosin (alpha blockers)
Doxazosin
What is Tamsulosin responsible for?
Key for BPH (Benign prosthetic hyperplasia)
relaxes bladder neck
Beta 1 receptors
Where are they found?
What does a beta 1 agonist do?
Heart
Increased inotrophy (contractility)
Increased BP
+ renin release
Examples of:
BB Cardio selective antagonist?
BB non selective antagonist?
B1 Agonist? When is it given?
Metoprolol, atenolol
Propanolol, labetalol
Dobutamine (given in cariogenic shock, for low bp)
Beta 2 receptors
Where are they found?
What does a beta 2 agonist do?
Lungs
bronchodilation
Examples of
Beta 2 agonists and antagonists?
Agonism - SABA + LABA (in asthma)
Antagonism - non selective beta blocker
Beta blocker Contraindication?
Asthmatics
(mostly on SABAs)
Example of Dopamine agonist and what is it used in?
Bromocriptive
Used in prolactinomas, acromegaly, and early Parkinson’s
What are dopamine antagonists used for and examples?
Nausea and vomiting (eg. Metoclopramide - anti emetic)
Psychiatric disorders (eg. haloperidol)
What is given as the gold standard for Parkinson’s?
LDOPA (precursor of DA)
Where are DA receptors mostly found?
Nucleus accumbens in brain
What is GABA?
Main inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter
What are GABA agonists used for and examples of them?
Benzodiazepines (eg. lorazepam, diazepam)
Anxiety, sleep disorders, alcohol withdrawal, status epileptics
(+ indirectly with sodium valproate)
Histamine 1 antagonists are used for?
example?
For allergy
(T1 IgE Anaphylaxis)
eg. Loratidine
Histamine 2 antagonists are used for?
example?
2nd line for GORD/Increased gastric acid after PPI
eg. Ranitidine, Cimetidine
What is glutamate?
Main excitatory CNS neurotransmitter
