Immunology - Vaccination + Immunity

Question 1

What is a vaccination?

Answer 1

A form of artificial active immunity
Usually 2 doses ; prime then booster

Question 2

What forms can the vaccines be?

Answer 2

Live attenuated (genetically modified) organism eg. MMR
Antigens
Toxins eg, tetanus
Cell wall constituents eg. Hep B

Question 3

What do vaccines do in the body?

Answer 3

Trigger immune response to mimic natural infection without being symptomatic
1. Initial IgM antibodies made
2. If pathogen encountered again, IgG spike seen

Question 4

Active vs passive
Ig from where?
Memory?
What type of response?

Answer 4

Active
Ig production
Immunology memory
2^ response

Passive
Ig’s passed to host
No memory
1^ response

Question 5

Natural active immunity
Describe?

Answer 5

Body encounters pathogen + produces memory cells after infection

Question 6

Artificial active
Describe?

Answer 6

Vaccine mimics encountering pathogen + stimulates Ig production

Question 7

Natural passive
Describe?

Answer 7

Maternal Ig’s passed onto feeding baby in breast milk/colostrum

Question 8

Artificial passive
Describe?

Answer 8

Anti venom (injection of Ig from another organism )

Question 9

Covid - 19 vaccines Pfizer + biotech Moderna were made from what?

Answer 9

Made of mRNA